Question

В 1996 году группе шотландских ученых под руководством Яна Вильмута удалось провести успешный эксперимент по клонированию млекопитающего, в результате чего на свет появилась овца Долли. Расставьте шаги эксперимента по порядку: 1) удаление ядра из яйцеклетки 2) дробление и образование бластоцисты вымени взрослой овцы в яйцеклетку 3) перенос бластоцисты в матку суррогатной матери 4) активация яйцеклетки к делению 5) перенос ядра соматической клетки

Answer 1

Дробление и образование,удаление ядра,перенос ядра сомат.клетки,перенос в суррогатную мать,активация яйцеклетки к делению

Answer 2

Steps in the Cloning of Dolly the Sheep

In 1996, a group of Scottish scientists led by Ian Wilmut successfully cloned a mammal, resulting in the birth of the famous sheep named Dolly. The experiment involved several steps, which are outlined below:

1. Removal of the nucleus from an egg cell: The first step in the cloning process was to extract the nucleus from an egg cell. This egg cell would later serve as the host for the cloned genetic material [[1]].

2. Fusion of the donor cell and the enucleated egg: The next step involved taking a somatic cell (a non-reproductive cell) from an adult sheep, which would serve as the donor cell. The nucleus of the donor cell, containing the genetic material, was then transferred into the enucleated egg cell. This fusion of the donor cell and the enucleated egg created a reconstructed egg cell [[2]].

3. Activation of the reconstructed egg cell: To initiate cell division and development, the reconstructed egg cell needed to be activated. This was achieved through various methods, such as electrical stimulation or chemical treatment, which triggered the egg cell to start dividing [[3]].

4. Transfer of the reconstructed egg cell into a surrogate mother: Once the reconstructed egg cell was activated, it was transferred into the uterus of a surrogate mother, who would carry the pregnancy to term. The surrogate mother provided the necessary environment for the development of the cloned embryo [[4]].

5. Development and birth of the cloned animal: The reconstructed egg cell, now containing the genetic material from the donor cell, continued to divide and develop inside the surrogate mother's uterus. If successful, the pregnancy would progress, leading to the birth of a cloned animal, in this case, the sheep named Dolly [[5]].

It is important to note that these steps represent a simplified overview of the cloning process used to create Dolly the Sheep. The actual procedure involved meticulous laboratory techniques and required significant expertise in reproductive biology and genetics.