Question

Почему происходит эволюция выделительных систем ? помогите пожалуйста, даю 25 баллов

Answer 1

Ответ:

Эволюция этой системы в ряду позвоночных идет в направлении, во-первых, увеличения более тесной связи с кровеносной системой, во-вторых, увеличения выделительной поверхности за счет увеличения числа нефронов и, в-третьих, совершенствования строения самого нефрона, который теряет связь с целомической полостью, удлиняет

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Evolution of Excretory Systems

The evolution of excretory systems is a fascinating topic that involves the development and adaptation of specialized organs and processes for the elimination of waste products from an organism's body. Excretory systems play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the balance of water, ions, and other substances within an organism's internal environment.

Evolutionary Significance

The evolution of excretory systems can be attributed to several factors that have shaped the development of these systems over time. One of the primary driving forces behind the evolution of excretory systems is the need to remove metabolic waste products from the body. As organisms evolved and became more complex, their metabolic processes produced waste products that needed to be eliminated to prevent toxic buildup.

Adaptation to Different Environments

Another factor influencing the evolution of excretory systems is the adaptation to different environments. Different organisms inhabit various habitats with varying levels of water availability, temperature, and other environmental factors. The excretory systems of these organisms have evolved to efficiently regulate water and ion balance, as well as to excrete waste products in a manner suitable for their specific environment.

For example, marine organisms face the challenge of maintaining water balance in a highly saline environment. They have evolved specialized excretory structures, such as salt glands, to eliminate excess salt and maintain osmotic balance. On the other hand, terrestrial organisms face the challenge of conserving water in dry environments. They have evolved excretory systems that minimize water loss while efficiently removing waste products.

Evolutionary Diversity

The evolution of excretory systems has also led to a remarkable diversity of structures and mechanisms across different organisms. From simple excretory structures in single-celled organisms to complex organs like kidneys in vertebrates, excretory systems have undergone significant changes throughout evolutionary history.

For example, in unicellular organisms like amoebas, excretion primarily occurs through simple diffusion across the cell membrane. In more complex organisms, such as insects, excretion involves specialized tubules called Malpighian tubules that actively transport waste products and maintain water balance. In vertebrates, the kidneys play a central role in excretion, filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

Genetic and Developmental Changes

The evolution of excretory systems is also influenced by genetic and developmental changes. Mutations and genetic variations can lead to the development of new excretory structures or modifications to existing ones. These changes can confer advantages in terms of waste elimination, water balance, and overall fitness in specific environments.

Additionally, the development of excretory systems during embryonic development is tightly regulated by genetic programs. Changes in these developmental processes can result in variations in excretory structures and functions among different species.

In conclusion, the evolution of excretory systems is driven by the need to eliminate waste products, adapt to different environments, and achieve homeostasis. The diversity of excretory structures and mechanisms across organisms reflects the complex interplay between genetic, developmental, and environmental factors.