Question

Спинний мозок розташований у: А) Каналі хребта; Б) Ребрах; В) Попереку.​ 2. Вкажіть функції спинного мозку: А) Рефлекторна; Б) Живильна; В) Травна; Г) Провідникова 3. Перелічіть функції шлуночків головного мозку: А) Створюють внутрішньочерепний тиск; В) Захисна; Б) Забезпечують обмін речовин; Г) Імунна. 4. Укажіть, скільки пар нервів відходить від спинного мозку: А) 31; В) 34; Б) 25; Г) 70. 5. Укажіть відділ головного мозку, що відповідає за координацію рухів людини: А) великий мозок; В) мозочок; Б) довгастий мозок; Г) середній мозок. 6. Визначте, дія яких нервів прискорює серцебиття: А) спинномозкових; В) симпатичних; Б) черепномозкових; Г) парасимпатичних

Answer 1

Відповідь:

А) Каналі хребта;

А) Рефлекторна; Г) Провідникова;

А) Створюють внутрішньочерепний тиск; Б) Забезпечують обмін речовин;

А) 31;

Б) довгастий мозок;

В) симпатичних.

Пояснення:

Answer 2

1 А) Спинний мозок розташований у каналі хребта.

2 А) Рефлекторна; Б) Живильна; Г) Провідникова.

3 Б) Забезпечують обмін речовин; В) Захисна.

4 А) 31 пара нервів відходить від спинного мозку.

5 Б) Мозочок відповідає за координацію рухів людини.

6 В) Симпатичні нерви прискорюють серцебиття.

Answer 3

Location of the Spinal Cord:

The spinal cord is located in the vertebral canal, which is a channel formed by the vertebrae of the spine. It is not located in the ribs or transversely. The spinal cord runs from the base of the skull to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebrae, where it tapers off into a structure called the conus medullaris. From there, a bundle of nerves called the cauda equina extends further down the vertebral canal [[1]].

Functions of the Spinal Cord:

The spinal cord plays several important functions in the body. These include:

1. Reflexive Function: The spinal cord is responsible for coordinating reflex actions, which are rapid and involuntary responses to stimuli. Reflexes allow the body to respond quickly to potential danger or maintain balance and posture. Examples of reflexes include the knee-jerk reflex and the withdrawal reflex [[2]].

2. Conduction Function: The spinal cord serves as a pathway for nerve impulses traveling between the brain and the rest of the body. It relays sensory information from the peripheral nerves to the brain and transmits motor commands from the brain to the muscles and organs. This conduction function allows for communication and control between different parts of the body [[3]].

3. Integrative Function: The spinal cord integrates sensory information and coordinates motor responses. It receives sensory input from various parts of the body and processes this information to generate appropriate motor responses. This integrative function helps in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating complex movements [[4]].

Functions of the Ventricles of the Brain:

The ventricles of the brain are fluid-filled spaces within the brain that play several important functions. These include:

1. Creation of Intracranial Pressure: The ventricles of the brain produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which fills the ventricles and circulates around the brain and spinal cord. The production and circulation of CSF help maintain a constant pressure within the skull, which is important for protecting the delicate brain tissue [[5]].

2. Protective Function: The CSF produced by the ventricles acts as a cushion, protecting the brain from mechanical shocks and providing buoyancy. It helps to absorb the impact of sudden movements or blows to the head, reducing the risk of brain injury [[6]].

3. Metabolic Function: The ventricles also play a role in the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood vessels and the brain tissue. The CSF carries nutrients to the brain cells and removes metabolic waste products, helping to maintain a healthy environment for proper brain function [[7]].

4. Immunological Function: The CSF produced by the ventricles also plays a role in the immune response of the central nervous system. It helps to remove pathogens and other harmful substances from the brain and spinal cord, contributing to the overall immune defense of the body [[8]].

Number of Nerves Exiting the Spinal Cord:

There are 31 pairs of nerves that exit the spinal cord. These nerves are called spinal nerves and are named according to the level of the spinal cord from which they emerge. Each spinal nerve has a dorsal root and a ventral root, which join together to form a mixed spinal nerve that carries both sensory and motor information [[9]].

Brain Region Responsible for Coordination of Human Movement:

The brain region responsible for the coordination of human movement is the cerebellum, specifically the structure called the cerebellar cortex. The cerebellum receives sensory input from various parts of the body and integrates this information to coordinate smooth and precise movements. It plays a crucial role in maintaining balance, posture, and the coordination of voluntary movements [[10]].

Nerves that Increase Heart Rate:

The nerves that increase heart rate are the sympathetic nerves. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and prepares the body for action in stressful or dangerous situations. Activation of the sympathetic nerves leads to an increase in heart rate, among other physiological changes. These nerves originate from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord [[11]].

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions.