Question

Які зміни виникають у будові білка, якщо в кодуючій його ділянці ДНК -А-А-Т-А-Ц-А-Т-Т-Т-А-А-А-Г-Т-Ц- виникли такі зміни: а) між 10-м і 11-м нуклеотидами вбудувався цитозин;б) між 13-м і 14-м тимін; в)до хвоста ланцюга аденін​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Объяснение:

(a) При вбудованні цитозину між 10-м і 11-м нуклеотидами у ДНК в белку буде додано новий амінокислотний резидент, що може призвести до зміни структури і функції белку.

(b) При вбудованні тиміну між 13-м і 14-м нуклеотидами у ДНК в белку буде додано новий амінокислотний резидент, що може призвести до зміни структури і функції белку.

(c) При додаванні аденіну до хвосту ланцюгу ДНК в белку буде додано новий амінокислотний резидент, що може призвести до зміни структури і функції белку.

Answer 2

Changes in Protein Structure due to DNA Mutations

When changes occur in the coding region of DNA, it can lead to alterations in the structure of the resulting protein. In the given DNA sequence "A-A-T-A-C-A-T-T-T-A-A-A-G-T-C," three changes have occurred at specific positions. Let's examine the effects of each mutation:

a) Insertion of Cytosine between the 10th and 11th nucleotides:

The insertion of a cytosine (C) between the 10th and 11th nucleotides will cause a shift in the reading frame during translation. This type of mutation is known as an insertion mutation. As a result, the codons downstream of the insertion will be read differently, leading to a completely different amino acid sequence. The protein produced will likely be non-functional or have altered functionality compared to the original protein.

b) Insertion of Thymine between the 13th and 14th nucleotides:

Similar to the previous mutation, the insertion of a thymine (T) between the 13th and 14th nucleotides will also cause a shift in the reading frame. This type of mutation is also an insertion mutation. The codons downstream of the insertion will be read differently, resulting in a different amino acid sequence. The protein produced will likely have a different structure and function compared to the original protein.

c) Addition of Adenine to the end of the DNA strand:

Adding an adenine (A) to the end of the DNA strand does not cause a shift in the reading frame. However, it can affect the length of the resulting protein. Since proteins are synthesized from the N-terminus to the C-terminus, the addition of an extra nucleotide at the end of the DNA strand will result in the addition of an extra amino acid at the C-terminus of the protein. This can potentially alter the protein's structure and function, depending on the specific amino acid added.

It's important to note that the specific effects of these mutations on the protein structure and function can vary depending on the nature of the amino acids involved and their positions within the protein. Additionally, other factors such as post-translational modifications and protein folding can also influence the final structure and function of the protein.

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