Question

Дать характеристику органам выделительной системы и описать микроскопическое строение почки.

Answer 1

Ответ:

Мочевыдели́тельная систе́ма (мочева́я систе́ма) челове́ка — система органов, формирующих, накапливающих и выделяющих мочу у человека. Состоит из пары почек, двух мочеточников, мочевого пузыря и мочеиспускательного канала. Аналогом у беспозвоночных является нефридий.

Answer 2

1) характеристика органов выделительной системы.

Система органов выделения образована парными почками и мочеточниками, мочевым пузырём и мочеиспускательным каналом (уретрой).

2) микроскопическое строение почки.

1. Мозговое вещество и почечные пирамиды.
2. Выносящая клубочковая артериола.
3. Почечная артерия.
4. Почечная вена.
5. Почечные ворота.
6. Почечная лоханка.
8. Малая почечная чашка.
9. Фиброзная капсула почки.
10. Нижний полюс почки.
11. Верхний полюс почки.
12. Сеть почечных капилляров.
13. Почечная пазуха.
14. Большая почечная чашка.
15. Вершина почечной пирамиды.
16. Почечный стол.

Answer 3

Organs of the Excretory System

The excretory system is responsible for removing waste products from the body and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. The main organs of the excretory system include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Kidneys: The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. They are responsible for filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine. The kidneys also play a crucial role in regulating the body's fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as maintaining blood pressure.

Ureters: The ureters are long, muscular tubes that connect the kidneys to the urinary bladder. They transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder through peristaltic contractions.

Urinary Bladder: The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular organ that stores urine until it is eliminated from the body. It expands as it fills with urine and contracts during urination to expel the urine through the urethra.

Urethra: The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body. In males, it also serves as the passage for semen during ejaculation.

Microscopic Structure of the Kidney

The kidney is composed of millions of functional units called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.

Renal Corpuscle: The renal corpuscle is the initial part of the nephron and is responsible for filtering blood. It consists of two main structures: the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule. The glomerulus is a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, where blood is filtered under high pressure. The Bowman's capsule surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate.

Renal Tubule: The renal tubule is a long, coiled tube that extends from the Bowman's capsule. It is divided into several segments, including the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. The renal tubule is responsible for reabsorbing useful substances, such as water, glucose, and electrolytes, from the filtrate back into the bloodstream. It also secretes waste products and excess substances into the filtrate for excretion.

The nephrons are surrounded by a network of blood vessels, including the afferent and efferent arterioles, which supply and drain blood from the glomerulus. This intricate network of blood vessels ensures efficient filtration and reabsorption processes within the kidney.