Question

Процессы при которых образуются АТФпомогите срочно

Answer 1

питание е мае. с пищей выделяется энергия,часть которой рассеивается в виде тепла.

Answer 2

Processes that Generate ATP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that serves as the primary energy currency of cells. It is produced through various processes in the cell. Let's explore some of these processes in detail:

1. Glycolysis: Glycolysis is the initial step in cellular respiration, which occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. This process generates a small amount of ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation.

2. Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): The citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondria. It is a series of chemical reactions that further breaks down pyruvate into carbon dioxide. The cycle generates ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation and also produces high-energy electron carriers, such as NADH and FADH2, which are used in the next step of ATP production.

3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC): The electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is a series of protein complexes that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to molecular oxygen. As electrons move through the chain, energy is released and used to pump protons across the membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient. This gradient drives ATP synthesis through a process called oxidative phosphorylation.

4. Photosynthesis: In plants, algae, and some bacteria, ATP is generated through photosynthesis. During this process, light energy is captured by chlorophyll and other pigments in the chloroplasts. This energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. ATP is produced during the light-dependent reactions and the subsequent Calvin cycle.

5. Fermentation: In the absence of oxygen, some organisms can generate ATP through fermentation. Fermentation involves the partial breakdown of glucose or other organic molecules, producing ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. Examples of fermentation include lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.

It's important to note that these processes are interconnected and occur in different cellular compartments. They play crucial roles in energy production and metabolism in living organisms.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.