Question

У чому полягає відмінність між скелетом людини та скелетом ссавців?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Найважливішою відмінністю людини є справжнє прямоходіння.

Вледствие цього скелет людини має такі особливості (малюнок):

✦ S-подібна форма хребта з 4-ма різкими вигинами;

✦ широкий таз;

✦ плоска грудна клітка;

✦ склепінна стопа;

✦ великий палець нижніх кінцівок наближений до решти

Answer 2

Difference between the Human Skeleton and the Skeleton of Mammals

The human skeleton and the skeleton of other mammals share many similarities, but there are also some key differences. Here are some of the main distinctions:

1. Bone Structure: Both human and mammalian skeletons are composed of bones, but the specific structure of the bones can vary. The human skeleton consists of 206 bones, while the number of bones in other mammals can vary depending on the species. For example, a cat has around 244 bones, a dog has around 319 bones, and a horse has around 205 bones.

2. Size and Proportions: The size and proportions of the skeleton can vary between humans and other mammals. Humans have a unique skeletal structure that allows for upright posture and bipedal locomotion. This is characterized by a vertical spine, a curved lower back, and a distinct shape of the pelvis. In contrast, the skeletons of most mammals are adapted for quadrupedal locomotion, with a horizontal spine and a different shape of the pelvis.

3. Skull Structure: The structure of the skull also differs between humans and other mammals. Human skulls have a large braincase, a flat face, and a distinct chin. In contrast, the skulls of other mammals can vary greatly depending on the species. For example, carnivorous mammals like cats and dogs have elongated snouts and sharp teeth, while herbivorous mammals like horses have elongated faces and specialized teeth for grinding plant material.

4. Teeth: The teeth of humans and other mammals also show differences. Humans have a combination of different types of teeth, including incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. The number and arrangement of teeth can vary between individuals, but the general pattern is the same. In other mammals, the number and types of teeth can vary depending on the species and their dietary habits. For example, carnivorous mammals have sharp, pointed teeth for tearing flesh, while herbivorous mammals have specialized teeth for grinding plant material.

5. Limbs and Appendages: The structure of limbs and appendages can also differ between humans and other mammals. Humans have two upper limbs (arms) and two lower limbs (legs), each with a specific arrangement of bones. Other mammals can have different arrangements of limbs and appendages depending on their species and adaptations. For example, cats and dogs have four legs with specific bone structures for running and jumping, while horses have long, slender legs adapted for running.

It is important to note that while these are some general differences between the human skeleton and the skeleton of other mammals, there can be variations within different mammalian species. Additionally, the skeletal structure can also be influenced by factors such as age, sex, and individual variation.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.