Question

Яке біологічне значення сперматозоїда та яйцеклітини​

Answer 1

Ответ:

загалом, запліднення

весь процес потрапляння сперматозоїдів в яйцеклітину називається запліднення. Ну хз, писала колись по цьому ср то моя відповідь була правильною

Answer 2

The Biological Significance of Sperm and Egg Cells

Sperm and egg cells, also known as gametes, play a crucial role in sexual reproduction and the continuation of life. Each of these cells has unique characteristics and functions that contribute to the process of fertilization and the development of new individuals.

Sperm Cells: Sperm cells are the male reproductive cells produced in the testes. They are specialized for the purpose of fertilizing an egg cell. Sperm cells have the following biological significance:

1. Fertilization: The primary function of sperm cells is to fertilize the egg cell during sexual reproduction. When a sperm cell successfully penetrates the egg cell, it results in the formation of a zygote, which is the first cell of a new individual.

2. Genetic Material: Sperm cells carry half of the genetic material required to create a new individual. They contain 23 chromosomes, including one sex chromosome (either X or Y), which determines the sex of the offspring.

3. Motility: Sperm cells are equipped with a long tail called a flagellum, which enables them to swim towards the egg cell. This motility is essential for the sperm to reach the egg and increase the chances of successful fertilization.

4. Acrosome: Sperm cells possess an acrosome, a specialized structure located at the head of the sperm. The acrosome contains enzymes that help the sperm penetrate the protective layers surrounding the egg cell, allowing fertilization to occur.

Egg Cells: Egg cells, or ova, are the female reproductive cells produced in the ovaries. They have their own unique biological significance:

1. Fertilization: Egg cells are essential for sexual reproduction as they are the cells that can be fertilized by sperm cells. Once fertilized, the egg cell undergoes a series of changes, leading to the development of an embryo.

2. Genetic Material: Egg cells also carry half of the genetic material required for the formation of a new individual. Like sperm cells, they contain 23 chromosomes, including one sex chromosome (X), which determines the sex of the offspring.

3. Nutrition: Egg cells are larger in size compared to sperm cells and contain a significant amount of cytoplasm. This cytoplasm provides the necessary nutrients and energy for the early development of the embryo before it can establish its own nutrient supply.

4. Protective Layers: Egg cells are surrounded by protective layers, including the zona pellucida and the corona radiata. These layers help prevent multiple sperm cells from fertilizing the egg and ensure that only one sperm can successfully penetrate and fertilize it.

In summary, sperm and egg cells have distinct biological significance in sexual reproduction. Sperm cells are specialized for motility and fertilization, while egg cells provide the genetic material and necessary nutrients for the development of a new individual. Together, these cells contribute to the continuation of life and the diversity of species.