Question

У Чому подібність та відмінність кровоносної системи хребетних тварин?

Answer 1

Відповідь:

У хребетних тварин замкнена кровоносна система, одне коло кровообігу у риб та два кола кровообігу у зв'язку з легеневим диханням у інших тварин, наявне серце з камерами, судини з кров'ю. Чотирикамерне серце з повністю розділеною кров'ю забезпечує посилений обмін речовин для підтримування постійної температури тіла.

Пояснення:

Answer 2

Similarities and Differences in the Circulatory System of Vertebrates

The circulatory system is responsible for the transportation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body. While there are variations in the circulatory systems of different vertebrate animals, there are also several similarities and differences to consider.

Similarities: 1. Closed Circulatory System: Vertebrates, including all mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and most fish, have a closed circulatory system. This means that blood is contained within a network of blood vessels and does not directly come into contact with body tissues. 2. Heart: Vertebrates have a muscular organ called the heart that pumps blood throughout the body. The heart consists of chambers that receive and pump blood. 3. Blood Vessels: Vertebrates have a network of blood vessels that transport blood to and from the heart. These blood vessels include arteries, which carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, and veins, which carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. 4. Red Blood Cells: Vertebrates have red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, which are responsible for carrying oxygen to body tissues.

Differences: 1. Number of Heart Chambers: The number of heart chambers varies among vertebrates. Fish typically have two chambers (one atrium and one ventricle), while amphibians and most reptiles have three chambers (two atria and one ventricle). Birds and mammals have four chambers (two atria and two ventricles), which allows for complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 2. Respiratory Pigments: Some vertebrates, such as mammals, have respiratory pigments like hemoglobin in their red blood cells, which enhance the transport of oxygen. Other vertebrates, like fish, have different respiratory pigments, such as hemocyanin or chlorocruorin. 3. Circulatory Pathways: The circulatory pathways can vary among vertebrates. For example, in fish, blood flows from the heart to the gills for oxygenation and then to the rest of the body. In mammals, blood flows from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and then back to the heart before being pumped to the rest of the body. 4. Blood Pressure: Blood pressure can vary among vertebrates. For instance, mammals generally have higher blood pressure compared to fish or reptiles.

These are just a few examples of the similarities and differences in the circulatory systems of vertebrate animals. It's important to note that there are many more intricacies and variations within each group of vertebrates.