Question

РААнықтаНеліктен гуманистер орта ғасырларды "қара түнек" кезең деп атады?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Себеби гуманистер ажырап кетти жане кейбир гуманистер патша аулетине карсылык билдирди

Answer 2

The "Dark Ages" Terminology

The term "Dark Ages" is often used to refer to a period in European history that spanned from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century to the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century. This term is associated with a perceived decline in cultural, intellectual, and economic development during this time. However, it is important to note that the term "Dark Ages" is considered outdated and is no longer widely used by historians. The use of this term reflects a biased view of history that disregards the significant achievements and advancements that occurred during this period.

Historical Context

To understand why the term "Dark Ages" came to be associated with this period, it is necessary to consider the historical context. The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 CE marked the end of a centralized political authority in Western Europe. This event led to a period of political fragmentation, economic decline, and social instability. The loss of a strong central government resulted in a breakdown of infrastructure, trade routes, and cultural exchange. Additionally, the decline of urban centers and the rise of feudalism further contributed to the perception of a "dark" and stagnant period.

Limited Historical Records

One of the reasons why this period is often referred to as the "Dark Ages" is the scarcity of written records from this time. Compared to the preceding and succeeding periods, there is a relative lack of surviving historical documents, which makes it more challenging for historians to reconstruct the events and developments of this era. This limited availability of primary sources has contributed to the perception of a "dark" and less documented period.

Renaissance and Enlightenment Perspectives

The term "Dark Ages" gained popularity during the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods when scholars sought to contrast their own cultural achievements with what they perceived as a period of intellectual darkness and stagnation. Renaissance thinkers idealized the achievements of ancient Greece and Rome and viewed the intervening period as a time of decline. This perspective influenced the way history was interpreted and shaped the narrative of the "Dark Ages."

Reevaluation by Modern Historians

In recent decades, historians have reevaluated the notion of the "Dark Ages" and challenged the negative connotations associated with it. They have highlighted the significant cultural, intellectual, and technological advancements that occurred during this period. For example, the preservation and transmission of classical knowledge by monastic scholars, the development of vernacular languages, the rise of medieval universities, and the advancements in agriculture and architecture are all examples of the achievements of the so-called "Dark Ages."

Conclusion

In conclusion, the term "Dark Ages" was used to describe a period of European history characterized by political fragmentation, economic decline, and limited historical records. However, this term is considered outdated and reflects a biased view of history. Modern historians have reevaluated the achievements of this period and highlighted the significant advancements that occurred during the so-called "Dark Ages." It is important to approach historical periods with a nuanced understanding and avoid simplistic labels that may overlook the complexities and contributions of different eras.