Question

Почему для полового размножения мхов и папоротников нужна вода? Заранее спасибо:)Отмечу как лучший.

Answer 1

Бесполое размножение у ряда растений (водоросли, мхи, папоротники) осуществляется с помощью спор. Мхи и папоротники обитают в разных климатических условиях, но большинство из них как для полового размножения нужна вода.

Answer 2

#### Importance of Water for Sexual Reproduction in Mosses and Ferns Water is essential for the sexual reproduction of both mosses and ferns. This requirement is due to the unique reproductive structures and mechanisms of these plants. **Mosses:** Mosses are non-vascular plants that reproduce through spores. They have a life cycle that alternates between a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage. The gametophyte stage is the dominant stage in mosses. In mosses, the male reproductive structures, called antheridia, produce sperm cells, while the female reproductive structures, called archegonia, produce egg cells. For fertilization to occur, the sperm cells need to swim through a film of water to reach the egg cells. This is because the sperm cells of mosses are flagellated, meaning they have whip-like tails that enable them to swim. Once the sperm cells reach the egg cells, fertilization takes place, resulting in the formation of a diploid zygote. The zygote then develops into a sporophyte, which remains attached to the gametophyte and eventually produces spores. **Ferns:** Ferns are vascular plants that also reproduce through spores. They have a life cycle that alternates between a diploid sporophyte stage and a haploid gametophyte stage. Unlike mosses, the sporophyte stage is the dominant stage in ferns. Ferns have specialized structures called sporangia, which are located on the undersides of their fronds. These sporangia produce spores, which are released into the environment. When conditions are favorable, the spores germinate and develop into a gametophyte. The gametophyte of ferns is a small, heart-shaped structure called a prothallus. On the prothallus, both male and female reproductive structures are present. The male structures, called antheridia, produce sperm cells, while the female structures, called archegonia, produce egg cells. For fertilization to occur, the sperm cells need to swim through a film of water to reach the egg cells. Similar to mosses, the sperm cells of ferns are flagellated and require water for movement. Once fertilization occurs, a diploid zygote is formed, which develops into a new sporophyte. #### Conclusion In summary, water is crucial for the sexual reproduction of mosses and ferns. It enables the movement of sperm cells to reach the egg cells, facilitating fertilization. Without water, the sperm cells would not be able to swim and reach the egg cells, hindering the reproductive process in these plants. I hope this explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.