Question

Помогите пожалуйста! Кратко и понятно Биосинтез углеводов, липидов и нуклеиновых кислот.

Answer 1

Биосинтез углеводов, липидов и нуклеиновых кислот относятся к реакциям ассимиляции или анаболизма, когда из более простых веществ синтезируются сложные
В процессе ассимиляции расходуется АТФ
Синтез нуклеиновых кислот относится к матричным реакциям

Answer 2

#### Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. They serve as a major source of energy for living organisms and play essential roles in various biological processes. The biosynthesis of carbohydrates involves the production of these molecules within living organisms. **Carbohydrate biosynthesis** occurs through several pathways, including **gluconeogenesis** and **photosynthesis**. Gluconeogenesis is the process by which glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate precursors, such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol. It primarily takes place in the liver and kidneys and is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels during periods of fasting or low carbohydrate intake. Photosynthesis, on the other hand, is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, using sunlight as an energy source. #### Biosynthesis of Lipids Lipids are a diverse group of biomolecules that include fats, oils, phospholipids, and steroids. They serve as structural components of cell membranes, energy storage molecules, and signaling molecules. The biosynthesis of lipids involves the production of these molecules within living organisms. **Lipid biosynthesis** occurs through various pathways, including **fatty acid synthesis** and **cholesterol synthesis**. Fatty acid synthesis is the process by which fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA, a molecule derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates or fats. This process primarily takes place in the liver and adipose tissue and is regulated by enzymes such as fatty acid synthase. Cholesterol synthesis, on the other hand, is the process by which cholesterol is synthesized from acetyl-CoA. It occurs primarily in the liver and involves a series of enzymatic reactions. #### Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Nucleic acids, including DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are essential biomolecules involved in the storage and transmission of genetic information. The biosynthesis of nucleic acids involves the production of these molecules within living organisms. **Nucleic acid biosynthesis** occurs through two main processes: **DNA replication** and **transcription**. DNA replication is the process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated to produce two identical copies. It takes place during cell division and involves the unwinding of the DNA double helix, the synthesis of new DNA strands using existing strands as templates, and the joining of the newly synthesized strands. Transcription, on the other hand, is the process by which an RNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template. It involves the synthesis of an RNA strand complementary to a specific region of DNA and is catalyzed by the enzyme RNA polymerase. #### Conclusion In summary, the biosynthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids is essential for the functioning of living organisms. Carbohydrates are synthesized through pathways such as gluconeogenesis and photosynthesis, lipids are synthesized through pathways such as fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis, and nucleic acids are synthesized through processes such as DNA replication and transcription. These biosynthetic processes play crucial roles in maintaining cellular functions and overall organismal health. **Sources:** -: ' 8. ...' -: ' ' -: 'Obschaya Biologiya 10 11 Klass Uchebnik Vysockaya I Dr - Calamo' -: ' .. - . ...' -: 'Untitled' -: ' | - ...' -: 'Scientific and practical journal - ' -: ' .pdf' -: ' . ...' -: ''