Question

Доведіть зв'язок будови шлунка за йього функціями ​

Answer 1

Полый орган, внешний

слой – эластичный, средний

— мышечный, внутренний

имеет железы, выделяющие

ферменты, расщепляющие

белки

Перемешивание пищи,

пропитывание ее желудоч-

ным соком, передвижение

в тонкую кишку. Функции:

моторная, секреторная, вса-

сывающая, экскреторная,

защитная, эндокринная

Answer 2

#### Structure and Functions of the Stomach The stomach is a vital organ in the digestive system, responsible for breaking down food and facilitating the absorption of nutrients. It plays a crucial role in the overall digestion process. The structure of the stomach is closely related to its functions. **1. Structure of the Stomach:** The stomach is a muscular, J-shaped organ located in the upper abdomen, just below the diaphragm. It is divided into different regions, including the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus. The inner lining of the stomach is composed of specialized cells that secrete digestive enzymes and gastric juices. The stomach has several layers, including the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa. The mucosa is the innermost layer and contains gastric glands that produce gastric juices. The muscularis externa consists of three layers of smooth muscles that help in the mechanical breakdown of food. **2. Functions of the Stomach:** The stomach performs several important functions in the digestive process: **a. Storage:** One of the primary functions of the stomach is to store food temporarily. When we eat, the stomach expands to accommodate the food, allowing us to consume larger meals. The muscular walls of the stomach contract and relax to mix and churn the food, breaking it down into smaller particles. **b. Mechanical Digestion:** The muscular contractions of the stomach, known as peristalsis, help mechanically break down the food into smaller pieces. This process, combined with the mixing and churning actions, helps to expose more surface area of the food to the digestive enzymes. **c. Secretion of Gastric Juices:** The stomach secretes gastric juices, which contain hydrochloric acid and enzymes such as pepsin. These gastric juices help in the breakdown of proteins and the activation of enzymes necessary for digestion. The acidic environment created by the gastric juices also helps to kill bacteria and other harmful microorganisms present in the food. **d. Chemical Digestion:** The stomach plays a crucial role in the chemical digestion of food. The gastric juices secreted by the stomach break down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids, which can be further digested and absorbed in the small intestine. **e. Absorption:** While the stomach is not primarily responsible for nutrient absorption, it can absorb certain substances, such as alcohol and some medications. However, the majority of nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine. **f. Regulation of Gastric Emptying:** The stomach regulates the rate at which partially digested food, known as chyme, is released into the small intestine. This process is controlled by the pyloric sphincter, a muscular valve located at the junction between the stomach and the small intestine. **g. Protection:** The stomach lining is protected by a layer of mucus, which helps to prevent the stomach acid from damaging the stomach itself. Additionally, the stomach produces a hormone called gastrin, which stimulates the production of mucus and helps maintain the integrity of the stomach lining. In conclusion, the structure of the stomach is closely related to its functions. The muscular walls, specialized cells, and secretory glands all contribute to the stomach's ability to store, mechanically and chemically digest food, and regulate the release of chyme into the small intestine. The stomach plays a vital role in the overall digestive process, working in conjunction with other organs to break down food and absorb nutrients