Question

Опиши, как вода лживостях из почвы в корень, из корня в стебель и из стебля в листья

Answer 1

Объяснение:

Корень находится в почве под землёй , когда поступает влага она на землю насищается водой где проникает в почву где находится корни , под землю где корни впитывает влагу, в месте с водой ,и полезными микроилементами поступает в стебель , передает питательные вещества стебель листьям и обязательно должно быть солнце.

Answer 2

Water Absorption by Plants

Water is essential for the growth and survival of plants. It is absorbed by plants through their roots and transported to different parts of the plant, including the stem and leaves. Let's explore how water moves from the soil to the root, from the root to the stem, and from the stem to the leaves.

Water Absorption from Soil to Root

Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots. The process of water absorption is facilitated by the presence of root hairs, which increase the surface area of the root and enhance water uptake. The root hairs are in close contact with the soil particles, allowing them to absorb water and dissolved nutrients.

The absorption of water by plant roots occurs through a process called osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration (in this case, the soil) to an area of higher solute concentration (inside the root cells). The root cells have a higher solute concentration due to the presence of dissolved nutrients and ions.

As water enters the root hairs, it moves through the root cortex, which is the outer layer of the root. The movement of water through the root cortex is facilitated by the apoplast and symplast pathways. The apoplast pathway involves the movement of water through the cell walls and intercellular spaces, while the symplast pathway involves the movement of water through the cytoplasm of the root cells.

Water Transport from Root to Stem

Once water is absorbed by the roots, it moves upward through the plant's vascular system, which consists of xylem vessels. Xylem vessels are specialized structures that transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

The movement of water in the xylem vessels is primarily driven by transpiration, which is the loss of water vapor from the plant's leaves. Transpiration creates a negative pressure gradient, known as tension, which pulls water up from the roots. This process is often referred to as the cohesion-tension theory.

Water molecules are cohesive, meaning they stick together due to hydrogen bonding. This cohesion allows water to form a continuous column within the xylem vessels, enabling it to be pulled upward against gravity. Additionally, the adhesion of water molecules to the xylem vessel walls helps counteract the force of gravity and aids in water transport.

Water Movement from Stem to Leaves

Once water reaches the stem, it moves into the leaves through specialized structures called leaf veins. Leaf veins contain xylem vessels that distribute water to the leaf cells.

Water moves from the xylem vessels into the leaf cells through a process called transpiration pull. Transpiration pull occurs when water molecules evaporate from the leaf's surface through tiny openings called stomata. As water evaporates, it creates a negative pressure within the leaf, which pulls water up from the xylem vessels.

The movement of water from the xylem vessels to the leaf cells is also facilitated by the cohesive and adhesive properties of water. Water molecules adhere to the walls of the xylem vessels and form a continuous column, allowing them to be pulled upward to the leaf cells.

Conclusion

In summary, water is absorbed by plant roots through osmosis and moves from the soil to the root, from the root to the stem, and from the stem to the leaves. The movement of water is driven by transpiration and facilitated by the cohesive and adhesive properties of water. This continuous flow of water is crucial for the transport of nutrients and the overall growth and functioning of plants.

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