Question

Назовите органы выделения у одноклеточных организмов. Что удаляется из организма простейших?Уплоских червей выделительная система представлена ... .У насекомых и пауков выделительной системой являются ...Что позволяет осущствить такую систему?Назовите представителей, у которых выделение вредных веществ жизне-деятельности происходит через почки.Имеются ли особенности в строении почек представителей разных классов?​

Answer 1

Ответ:

1 сократительные вакуоли

2 продукты обмена, излишки воды

3 протонефридиями, состоящими из канальцев, начинающихся звёздчатыми клетками с пучками ресничек

4 мальпигиевыми сосудами

5 не знаю

6 в основном, это позвоночные, например - человек

7 да

Answer 2

Organs of excretion in unicellular organisms:

Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, do not possess specialized organs for excretion. Instead, they rely on simple diffusion to eliminate waste products from their cells. Waste materials, such as carbon dioxide and ammonia, diffuse out of the cell membrane into the surrounding environment [[1]].

Excretion in flatworms:

Flatworms, also known as platyhelminthes, have a simple excretory system called a protonephridia. This system consists of a network of tubules and flame cells. The flame cells are specialized cells that have cilia on their surface, which create a current that helps to filter waste materials from the body fluids. The waste materials are then excreted through tiny pores called nephridiopores [[2]].

Excretion in insects and spiders:

In insects and spiders, the excretory system is composed of Malpighian tubules. These tubules are located in the digestive system and are responsible for removing waste materials from the hemolymph (insect blood). The Malpighian tubules actively transport waste products, such as uric acid and other nitrogenous compounds, from the hemolymph into the digestive system. From there, the waste is eliminated from the body through the anus [[3]].

Adaptations of excretory systems in insects and spiders:

The excretory system of insects and spiders has several adaptations that allow for efficient waste removal. These adaptations include the presence of numerous Malpighian tubules, which increase the surface area available for waste removal, and the active transport mechanisms in the tubules that allow for the selective removal of waste products. These adaptations help insects and spiders conserve water and eliminate waste efficiently [[4]].

Examples of organisms with excretion through kidneys:

In many vertebrates, including humans, excretion of waste products occurs through specialized organs called kidneys. The kidneys filter waste materials from the blood and produce urine, which is then eliminated from the body. Some examples of organisms that excrete waste through kidneys include humans, mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians [[5]].

Variations in kidney structure among different classes of organisms:

While the basic function of the kidney is similar across different classes of organisms, there are variations in kidney structure. For example, in fish, the kidneys are relatively simple and consist of two main parts: the head kidney and the trunk kidney. In mammals, including humans, the kidneys are more complex and consist of millions of tiny filtering units called nephrons. These nephrons are responsible for filtering waste materials from the blood [[6]].

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions.