Question

Задание 1. Определите тип движения растения: 1. Открытие ночью цветков ночной красавицы, а днем закрытие (отрицательные фотонастии). 2. Движение корней по направлению к питательным веществам (хемотропизм) 3. При одностороннем освещении корни проростков семянок гречихи отклоняются от света (отрицательный фототропизм) 4. Движение головок подсолнечника в сторону солнца (положительный фототропизм) 5. Схлопывание листьев росянки, когда садиться насекомое. (Сейсмонастии) Назовите типы передвижения, характерные для растений. Сопаставьте движение растений и животных, объясните его особенности. Какие типы движений бывают у растений? Что такое тропизмы?Приведите примеры. Что такое настии? Приведите примеры. ​

Answer 1

Ответ:

1 настии

2 тигмотропизма

3 фототропизм

4 гелиотропизм

5 настии

Answer 2

Types of Plant Movements

1. Nyctinasty: The opening of flowers at night and their closing during the day is an example of nyctinasty, which is a type of movement in plants that is influenced by light. This movement is known as negative phototropism. An example of a plant that exhibits nyctinasty is the night-blooming cereus. [[1]] 2. Chemotropism: The movement of roots towards nutrients is an example of chemotropism. Roots have the ability to sense and grow towards chemical gradients in the soil to obtain necessary nutrients. This movement allows plants to optimize their nutrient uptake. [[2]] 3. Negative Phototropism: When seedling roots of buckwheat are exposed to unilateral light, they exhibit negative phototropism by growing away from the light source. This movement helps the roots avoid excessive exposure to light and promotes their growth in the soil. [[3]] 4. Positive Phototropism: The movement of sunflower heads towards the sun is an example of positive phototropism. Sunflowers track the movement of the sun throughout the day, which helps maximize their exposure to sunlight for photosynthesis. [[4]] 5. Seismonasty: The folding of leaves in response to the presence of an insect, as seen in the Venus flytrap, is an example of seismonasty. This movement helps the plant capture and digest the insect for nutrients. [[5]]

Comparison of Plant and Animal Movements

Plants and animals exhibit different types of movements, each adapted to their specific needs and environments. While animals have the ability to actively move from one place to another, plants are rooted in the ground and rely on various mechanisms to respond to their surroundings.

Plants have evolved different types of movements, such as tropisms and nastic movements, to adapt to their environment and optimize their growth and survival. Tropisms are growth movements in response to external stimuli, such as light, gravity, or chemicals. They can be positive (towards the stimulus) or negative (away from the stimulus). Examples of tropisms include phototropism (response to light), gravitropism (response to gravity), and chemotropism (response to chemicals).

Nastic movements, on the other hand, are non-directional responses to stimuli. They are typically rapid and reversible movements that do not involve growth. Examples of nastic movements include the opening and closing of flowers, the folding of leaves, and the movement of plant parts in response to touch or vibration.

In contrast, animal movements are generally more complex and involve the use of muscles and a nervous system. Animals can actively move towards or away from stimuli, search for food, escape from predators, and engage in various other behaviors necessary for survival.

Examples of Tropisms and Nastic Movements

- Phototropism: The growth of a plant towards a light source, such as a sunflower turning its head towards the sun. - Gravitropism: The growth of plant roots downwards and shoots upwards in response to gravity. - Thigmotropism: The growth of a plant in response to touch or contact with a solid object, such as a vine wrapping around a support. - Chemotropism: The growth of plant roots towards a higher concentration of nutrients in the soil. - Nastic Movement: The closing of leaves in response to touch, as seen in the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica).

Definition of Nastic Movements

Nastic movements are non-directional responses to stimuli that do not involve growth. These movements are typically rapid and reversible. Unlike tropisms, nastic movements do not depend on the direction of the stimulus. Instead, they are triggered by the intensity or presence of the stimulus. Examples of nastic movements include the opening and closing of flowers, the folding of leaves, and the movement of plant parts in response to touch or vibration.

Nastic movements are often controlled by changes in turgor pressure within plant cells. Changes in the balance of water and ions cause the cells to expand or contract, resulting in the movement of plant parts. These movements allow plants to respond to changes in their environment, such as changes in light, temperature, or touch.

Examples of Nastic Movements

- The opening and closing of flowers in response to light or temperature changes, such as the morning glory flower. - The folding of leaves in response to touch or vibration, as seen in the Venus flytrap or the sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica). - The movement of plant parts in response to changes in humidity, such as the opening and closing of pine cones in response to moisture levels.

Overall, plants exhibit a variety of movements that allow them to respond to their environment and optimize their growth and survival. These movements include tropisms, which are growth movements in response to external stimuli, and nastic movements, which are rapid and reversible movements triggered by the intensity or presence of a stimulus.