Question

Что такое почка? срочно пожалуйста​

Answer 1

Не развившийся ещё побег растения, зачаток цветка, листка или стебля с листьями.

Answer 2

What is a kidney?

The kidney is an essential organ in the human body that plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being. It is part of the urinary system and is responsible for filtering waste products, excess water, and toxins from the blood to produce urine. The kidneys also help regulate electrolyte balance, blood pressure, and the production of red blood cells.

Structure of the kidney

The kidney is a bean-shaped organ located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage. Each kidney is approximately the size of a fist. The outer layer of the kidney is called the renal cortex, while the inner region is known as the renal medulla. The functional unit of the kidney is called the nephron, which consists of a filtering unit called the glomerulus and a tubule.

Functions of the kidney

The main functions of the kidney include:

1. Filtration: The kidneys filter waste products, excess water, and toxins from the blood to produce urine. 2. Reabsorption: The kidneys reabsorb essential substances, such as glucose, amino acids, and electrolytes, back into the bloodstream. 3. Secretion: The kidneys secrete certain substances, such as hydrogen ions and potassium ions, into the urine to maintain the body's acid-base balance. 4. Regulation of blood pressure: The kidneys help regulate blood pressure by controlling the volume of blood and the concentration of sodium and water in the body. 5. Production of hormones: The kidneys produce hormones, such as erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells, and renin, which helps regulate blood pressure.

Common kidney disorders

There are several common kidney disorders that can affect the normal functioning of the kidneys. Some of these include:

1. Chronic kidney disease (CKD): CKD is a long-term condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function properly. It can be caused by various factors, including diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain autoimmune diseases. 2. Kidney stones: Kidney stones are hard deposits that form in the kidneys and can cause severe pain when they pass through the urinary tract. 3. Urinary tract infections (UTIs): UTIs are infections that occur in the urinary tract, including the kidneys. They are usually caused by bacteria and can cause symptoms such as pain, frequent urination, and fever. 4. Polycystic kidney disease (PKD): PKD is a genetic disorder in which fluid-filled cysts develop in the kidneys, leading to kidney enlargement and impaired kidney function. 5. Kidney cancer: Kidney cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the kidneys. It can cause symptoms such as blood in the urine, pain in the side or lower back, and unexplained weight loss.

Conclusion

In summary, the kidney is a vital organ responsible for filtering waste products, regulating electrolyte balance, and maintaining overall health. It performs various functions, including filtration, reabsorption, secretion, blood pressure regulation, and hormone production. Common kidney disorders include chronic kidney disease, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, polycystic kidney disease, and kidney cancer. It is important to take care of the kidneys through a healthy lifestyle and regular medical check-ups to ensure their proper functioning.

Note: The information provided above is based on search results from various sources. For more detailed and specific information, it is recommended to consult medical professionals or trusted healthcare sources.