Question

Задание 2. Опишите, как выглядит молекула ДНК.  Какую форму она имеет? ​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Cтруктура молекулы ДНК в целом получила традиционное, но ошибочное название «двойной спирали»: на самом деле, она является «двойным винтом». Винтовая линия может быть правой (A- и B-формы ДНК) или левой (Z-форма ДНК). В ДНК встречается четыре вида азотистых оснований (аденин (A), гуанин (G), тимин (T) и цитозин

Объяснение:

Answer 2

Molecular Structure of DNA

The molecule of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a double-stranded helix that carries the genetic information in living organisms. It has a unique structure that allows it to store and transmit genetic information.

DNA Structure: - DNA is composed of two long strands of nucleotides that are twisted around each other to form a double helix. - Each nucleotide consists of three components: a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. - There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). - The two DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases: A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

Double Helix: - The two DNA strands are antiparallel, meaning they run in opposite directions. - The sugar-phosphate backbones of the two strands are on the outside, while the nitrogenous bases are on the inside, forming the steps of the helix. - The helix has a right-handed twist, resembling a twisted ladder or spiral staircase.

DNA Shape: - The shape of the DNA molecule is often described as a double helix or a twisted ladder. - The helix has a uniform diameter throughout its length. - The two strands of the helix are coiled around a central axis, forming a spiral structure. - The helix is relatively stable and can maintain its shape under normal physiological conditions.

Importance of DNA Structure: - The structure of DNA is crucial for its function in storing and transmitting genetic information. - The complementary base pairing allows DNA to replicate accurately during cell division. - The double helix structure also provides stability and protection to the genetic material.

In conclusion, the molecule of DNA has a double-stranded helical structure known as the double helix. It consists of two antiparallel strands of nucleotides twisted around each other, forming a spiral staircase-like shape. The DNA molecule plays a fundamental role in storing and transmitting genetic information in living organisms.