Question

Передача нервного импульса и действие раздражителя какой процесс химический какой физиологический

Answer 1

Ответ:.снапгмоилшравнаглмщрощ ишгпп

Объяснение:наанпгшищтт ршрр нщо8о и 6пп6ечче

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Answer 2

Process of Nerve Impulse Transmission and the Action of Stimulus

The process of nerve impulse transmission involves both chemical and physiological processes. Let's explore each of these processes in detail.

Chemical Process: - Nerve impulse transmission occurs through the movement of ions across the cell membrane of neurons. Specifically, the movement of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) ions plays a crucial role in transmitting the nerve impulse. - When a neuron is at rest, the inside of the cell is negatively charged compared to the outside. This is due to an uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane. - When a stimulus is detected by a sensory receptor, it triggers a series of events that lead to the generation of an action potential, or nerve impulse. - The action potential is generated when the stimulus causes sodium channels in the neuron's membrane to open, allowing sodium ions to rush into the cell. This influx of positive charge depolarizes the cell membrane, creating an electrical signal. - The depolarization of the cell membrane triggers a cascade of events that propagate the action potential along the length of the neuron. This process is known as the "all-or-nothing" principle, meaning that once the action potential is initiated, it will propagate without loss of strength until it reaches the end of the neuron. - After the action potential has passed, the sodium channels close, and potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions to move out of the cell. This repolarizes the cell membrane, restoring the negative charge inside the cell. - The movement of ions across the cell membrane during the action potential is facilitated by ion channels and ion pumps, which maintain the concentration gradients necessary for the transmission of the nerve impulse.

Physiological Process: - The physiological process of nerve impulse transmission involves the propagation of the action potential along the length of the neuron. - Once the action potential is initiated at the site of the stimulus, it travels along the neuron's axon, which is a long, slender projection of the neuron. - The action potential is propagated through a series of depolarization and repolarization events along the axon. This occurs through a process called saltatory conduction, where the action potential "jumps" from one node of Ranvier to the next. - Nodes of Ranvier are small gaps in the myelin sheath, which is a fatty substance that insulates the axon. The myelin sheath acts as an electrical insulator, allowing the action potential to travel more efficiently and rapidly along the axon. - The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, skipping the myelinated regions in between. This speeds up the transmission of the nerve impulse, allowing it to travel at a much faster rate. - At the end of the axon, the action potential reaches the synapse, which is the junction between the transmitting neuron and the receiving neuron or effector cell. - The action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters from the transmitting neuron into the synapse. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the receiving neuron or effector cell, transmitting the signal across the synapse and initiating a response.

In summary, the process of nerve impulse transmission involves a combination of chemical and physiological processes. The chemical process involves the movement of ions across the cell membrane, while the physiological process involves the propagation of the action potential along the length of the neuron. Together, these processes allow for the transmission of signals throughout the nervous system, enabling communication between cells and the coordination of various physiological functions.