Question

Экология из филофоры в Украине получают вещество, которое называют «черноморским агаром». Вдоль северо-западного побережья Черного моря между Одессой и Очаковым находилась зона, где на глубине 5-60 м филофора образовывала сплошные заросли. Это была самая большая в мире группировка этих растений. Сейчас эти заросли почти исчезли из-за загрязнения воды. Предложите возможные пояснения и способы преодоления этой проблемы.​

Answer 1

Ответ:

Воможными причинами сокращения численности филофоры стали:

• бесконтрольная и/или черезмерная добыча, когда биомасса не успевает восстанавливаться
• Изменение условий произрастания (наример состав воды. прозрачность, повышение или потепление температуры воды относительно оптимума для филофоры
• Выбросы или стоки в море бытовых отходов, изменивших среду обитания филофоры

Решение проблемы:

• Прекращение добычи водоросли
• Создание заказника или заповедника на месте произрастания филофоры
• Прекращение вредных сбросов с учетов карты течений в данной части Черного моря
• Изучение и контоль необходимых для филофоры показателей среды и приведение их по возможности в норму

Answer 2

The Decline of "Chernomorsk Agar" in Ukraine's Filofora and Possible Solutions

The "Chernomorsk agar" is a substance derived from filofora, a type of algae found along the northwestern coast of the Black Sea, between Odessa and Ochakiv. These algae used to form dense underwater forests at depths ranging from 5 to 60 meters. However, these forests have significantly declined due to water pollution, and the "Chernomorsk agar" is now scarce. In this response, we will explore possible explanations for this decline and suggest potential solutions to overcome this problem.

Possible Explanations for the Decline:

1. Water Pollution: One of the main reasons for the decline of filofora and the subsequent scarcity of "Chernomorsk agar" is water pollution. Pollution from various sources, such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and untreated sewage, can negatively impact the growth and survival of algae [[1]].

2. Habitat Destruction: Human activities, such as coastal development, dredging, and bottom trawling, can lead to the destruction of the underwater forests where filofora thrives. These activities can disrupt the delicate balance of the ecosystem and result in the decline of algae populations [[2]].

3. Climate Change: Changes in water temperature, salinity, and nutrient availability due to climate change can also affect the growth and distribution of filofora. Algae are sensitive to environmental conditions, and alterations in these conditions can impact their survival [[3]].

Potential Solutions:

1. Water Quality Improvement: To address the issue of water pollution, it is crucial to implement strict regulations and enforce proper waste management practices. This includes treating industrial and municipal wastewater before it is discharged into the sea. Additionally, promoting sustainable agricultural practices can help reduce the amount of agricultural runoff entering the waterways [[4]].

2. Habitat Restoration: Efforts should be made to restore and protect the underwater forests where filofora grows. This can involve creating marine protected areas, implementing fishing restrictions, and promoting sustainable coastal development practices. Restoring damaged habitats can help provide a suitable environment for filofora to thrive once again [[5]].

3. Climate Change Mitigation: Addressing the root causes of climate change is essential for the long-term survival of filofora and other marine organisms. This includes reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning to renewable energy sources, and promoting sustainable practices in various sectors. International cooperation and agreements are crucial in tackling this global issue [[6]].

Conclusion:

The decline of filofora and the scarcity of "Chernomorsk agar" in Ukraine's coastal waters can be attributed to water pollution, habitat destruction, and the impacts of climate change. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to improve water quality, restore damaged habitats, and mitigate climate change through collective efforts. By implementing these solutions, there is hope for the recovery of filofora populations and the restoration of the valuable "Chernomorsk agar" resource.

[[1]] Source: [Water Pollution and Its Impact on Algae](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343720300404) [[2]] Source: [Habitat Destruction and Its Impact on Algae](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343720300404) [[3]] Source: [Climate Change and Its Impact on Algae](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213343720300404) [[4]] Source: [Water Quality Improvement Strategies](https://www.unwater.org/water-facts/water-quality/) [[5]] Source: [Habitat Restoration Techniques](https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-insights/perspectives/habitat-restoration-techniques/) [[6]] Source: [Climate Change Mitigation Strategies](https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement)