Question

Які є форми кісток? ( наведіть приклади) Які є типи з'єднання кісток?(наведіть приклади) Дай письмову відповідь на запитання « Чому людина може ходити на двох кінцівках?»

Answer 1

Ответ:

1.довгі,короткі,плоскі,змішані.

2.нерухомо,напіврухомо,рухомо

3. Не знаю :(((

Answer 2

3 .Як ми знаємо під час еволюції людина почала поступово переходити на землю, і щоб було зручніше та краще виживати людина поступово почала ходити на двух кінцівках

Answer 3

Forms of Bones:

Bones come in different forms, each serving a specific function in the human body. The main forms of bones are:

1. Long Bones: These bones are longer than they are wide and have a shaft (diaphysis) with two ends (epiphyses). Examples of long bones include the femur (thigh bone), humerus (upper arm bone), and tibia (shin bone) [[1]].

2. Short Bones: Short bones are roughly cube-shaped and provide stability and support. They can be found in the wrists (carpals) and ankles (tarsals) [[2]].

3. Flat Bones: Flat bones are thin, flat, and often curved. They provide protection and serve as attachment sites for muscles. Examples of flat bones include the skull, ribs, and scapula (shoulder blade) [[3]].

4. Irregular Bones: Irregular bones have complex shapes that do not fit into the other categories. They often have unique functions and can be found in the vertebrae (spine) and facial bones [[4]].

5. Sesamoid Bones: Sesamoid bones are small, rounded bones that develop within tendons. The patella (kneecap) is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body [[5]].

Types of Bone Joints:

Bone joints are the areas where two or more bones come together. There are different types of bone joints, including:

1. Fibrous Joints: Fibrous joints are held together by fibrous connective tissue and allow little to no movement. An example of a fibrous joint is the sutures in the skull [[6]].

2. Cartilaginous Joints: Cartilaginous joints are connected by cartilage and allow limited movement. The joints between the vertebrae in the spine are examples of cartilaginous joints [[7]].

3. Synovial Joints: Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body and allow a wide range of movement. They are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity filled with synovial fluid. Examples of synovial joints include the knee, shoulder, and elbow joints [[8]].

4. Ball-and-Socket Joints: Ball-and-socket joints allow for the greatest range of motion. They consist of a rounded end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone. The hip and shoulder joints are examples of ball-and-socket joints [[9]].

5. Hinge Joints: Hinge joints allow movement in only one direction, like the opening and closing of a door. The elbow and knee joints are examples of hinge joints [[10]].

Why Can Humans Walk on Two Limbs?

Humans are bipedal, meaning they walk on two limbs, specifically their legs. This unique form of locomotion has several advantages:

1. Efficiency: Walking on two legs is more energy-efficient than walking on all fours. The upright posture allows for better distribution of body weight and reduces the energy required for locomotion [[11]].

2. Freeing the Hands: Walking on two legs frees the hands for other tasks, such as carrying objects, manipulating tools, and performing complex tasks [[12]].

3. Long-Distance Travel: Bipedalism enables humans to cover long distances efficiently. This was advantageous for early humans in terms of migration, hunting, and gathering resources [[13]].

4. Visual Field: Walking upright provides a better view of the surroundings, allowing humans to spot potential threats or resources from a distance [[14]].

5. Tool Use and Communication: Bipedalism played a crucial role in the development of tool use and complex communication in humans. The freed hands and improved posture facilitated the evolution of fine motor skills and the ability to use and create tools [[15]].

It's important to note that the evolution of bipedalism in humans is a complex topic with various theories and factors involved. The advantages mentioned above are some of the commonly discussed reasons for why humans walk on two limbs.