Question

Какие важные географические открытия были сделаны в XVIII и XIX веках

Answer 1

Экспедиция Ф. Ф.Беллинсгаузена и М. П. Лазарева открыла в 1820 Антарктиду. В 19 в. с территориальными открытиямисвязано исчезновение с мировой географической карты обширных «белых пятен» в пределах внутренних областей Азии (П. П. Семёнов Тян Шанский, Н. М. Пржевальский, Г. Н. Потанин и др.), Африки (Д. Ливингстон,Г. Стэнли и др.), Северной Америки (М. Льюис, Д. Томпсон, Дж. Фримонт, Л. А. Загоскин и многое др.). ЮжнойАмерики (А. Гумбольдт, Р. Шомбургк и др.) и Австралии (Ч. Стёрт и др.).  В Европейско-Азиатской Арктике в результате плаваний промышленников и научных экспедиций (П. К. Пахтусов, А. Э. Нордепшельд, Т. Лонг, Ю. Пайер, Б. Ли Смит, Ф. Нансен и др.) были открыты новые острова и архипелаги. Ряд территориальных открытий 19 в. в Американской Арктике связан с поискамиСеверо-западного прохода (Дж. Росс, У. Парри, Дж. Франклин, Р. Мак - Клур и др.). Открытия в Антарктике касались преимущественно отдельных частей побережья Антарктиды. 

Answer 2

Important Geographical Discoveries in the 18th and 19th Centuries

In the 18th and 19th centuries, several important geographical discoveries were made that significantly expanded the knowledge of the world's geography.

1. Terra Incognita Exploration: - During the 18th and 19th centuries, explorers and navigators ventured into uncharted territories, discovering new lands and mapping previously unknown regions. - The concept of "terra incognita," or unknown land, was gradually replaced by more detailed maps and knowledge of the world's geography. - Google Maps and modern satellite imagery have further enhanced our understanding of the world's geography, building upon the discoveries made in the 18th and 19th centuries.

2. Exploration of the Pacific Ocean: - In 1368, Chinese explorer Zheng He embarked on voyages that expanded knowledge of the Pacific Ocean and its surrounding lands. - These voyages contributed to a greater understanding of the Pacific region and its geography, including the islands and coastlines.

3. Lewis and Clark Expedition: - The Lewis and Clark Expedition, also known as the Corps of Discovery Expedition, took place from 1803 to 1806. - Led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, this expedition explored and mapped the western portion of the United States, contributing to a better understanding of the geography of the American West.

4. Antarctic Exploration: - In the late 18th and 19th centuries, explorers and scientists began to explore the Antarctic region, leading to important discoveries and a better understanding of the continent's geography. - Notable expeditions, such as the British Antarctic Expedition led by Robert Falcon Scott in 1905, significantly advanced knowledge of the Antarctic geography.

5. Post-World War II Exploration: - Following World War II, exploration and mapping efforts continued, contributing to a deeper understanding of various regions around the world, including the Arctic and Antarctic.

These discoveries and explorations in the 18th and 19th centuries played a crucial role in expanding our knowledge of the world's geography, paving the way for further exploration and scientific advancements in the field of geography.

Would you like to explore any specific geographical discoveries in more detail?