Question

2. От чего зависит температура воздуха?

Answer 1

Ответ:

Это зависит от угла падения солнечных лучей. Чем больше угол падения солнечных лучей, тем выше температура воздуха. Поэтому над полюсами воздух холоднее, чем над экватором. Перепады температур на Земле очень велики: от +58,1 °С в Северной Африке до -89,2 °С в Антарктиде.

Answer 2

Factors Affecting Air Temperature

The temperature of the air is influenced by several factors. Here are some key factors that affect air temperature:

1. Latitude: The latitude of a location plays a significant role in determining its average temperature. As you move closer to the equator, temperatures tend to be higher, while moving towards the poles results in lower temperatures. This is because the sun's rays are more direct near the equator, leading to more heating of the atmosphere.

2. Altitude: Altitude, or elevation above sea level, also affects air temperature. Generally, as you go higher in altitude, the temperature decreases. This is due to the decrease in air pressure and the fact that the air becomes thinner at higher altitudes, resulting in less heat being retained.

3. Proximity to Water Bodies: The presence of large water bodies, such as oceans or lakes, can influence air temperature. Water has a higher specific heat capacity than land, meaning it takes longer to heat up and cool down. As a result, coastal areas tend to have milder temperatures compared to inland areas, as the water moderates the temperature changes.

4. Air Masses: The movement of air masses can impact air temperature. For example, when a warm air mass moves into an area, it can increase the temperature, while a cold air mass can lower the temperature. The interaction between different air masses can lead to changes in temperature patterns.

5. Cloud Cover: Cloud cover can affect air temperature by blocking or reflecting sunlight. Clouds can act as a blanket, trapping heat near the surface and resulting in higher temperatures. On the other hand, clear skies allow more sunlight to reach the surface, leading to warmer temperatures. Additionally, clouds can also have an insulating effect, preventing heat from escaping at night and resulting in milder nighttime temperatures.

6. Seasonal Changes: The changing seasons also have a significant impact on air temperature. The tilt of the Earth's axis causes variations in the angle at which sunlight reaches different parts of the globe throughout the year. This leads to seasonal temperature changes, with warmer temperatures during summer and cooler temperatures during winter.

7. Human Activities: Human activities, such as urbanization and deforestation, can also influence air temperature. Urban areas tend to have higher temperatures due to the presence of buildings, concrete, and asphalt, which absorb and retain heat. Deforestation can also affect temperature by reducing the amount of shade and altering the local climate.

It's important to note that these factors interact with each other and can vary depending on the specific location and time of year.