Question

Экономическая сущность ценных бумаг 

Answer 1

The Economic Essence of Securities

Securities are financial instruments that represent ownership or debt in a company or government entity. They are a form of investment that allows individuals and organizations to participate in the financial markets and potentially earn a return on their investment. The economic essence of securities lies in their ability to generate income or capital appreciation for investors.

Equity Securities: Equity securities, such as stocks or shares, represent ownership in a company. When an individual or organization purchases equity securities, they become shareholders and have a claim on the company's assets and earnings. Shareholders may also have voting rights and can participate in the company's decision-making processes.

Debt Securities: Debt securities, such as bonds or debentures, represent loans made by investors to companies or governments. When an individual or organization purchases debt securities, they become creditors and lend money to the issuer. In return, the issuer promises to repay the principal amount along with periodic interest payments.

Derivative Securities: Derivative securities derive their value from an underlying asset, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, or currencies. Examples of derivative securities include options, futures contracts, and swaps. Derivatives are often used for hedging purposes or to speculate on the future price movements of the underlying asset.

Securities play a crucial role in the functioning of financial markets. They provide a means for companies and governments to raise capital for investment and growth. Investors, on the other hand, can diversify their portfolios and potentially earn a return on their investment through dividends, interest payments, or capital gains.