Question

Социальные нормы это...?

Answer 1

Это нормы, установленные в обществе, которые все должны соблюдать, они закреплены в законодательстве.

Answer 2

Social Norms: An Overview

Social norms refer to the unwritten rules and expectations that govern behavior within a particular society or group. These norms are established and reinforced through socialization processes and play a crucial role in maintaining social order and cohesion. Social norms can vary across cultures, communities, and even subgroups within a society. They encompass a wide range of behaviors, values, beliefs, and customs that are considered acceptable and appropriate within a given context.

Types of Social Norms

Social norms can be categorized into different types based on their characteristics and functions. Some common types of social norms include:

1. Descriptive Norms: Descriptive norms describe the typical behavior or attitudes that are commonly observed within a group or society. They provide individuals with information about what others are doing or thinking in a given situation. For example, if most people in a community recycle their waste, it creates a descriptive norm that encourages others to do the same.

2. Injunctive Norms: Injunctive norms refer to the perceived social approval or disapproval associated with certain behaviors. They indicate what is considered socially acceptable or unacceptable. Injunctive norms can influence individuals' behavior by shaping their beliefs about what others expect from them. For instance, if a particular behavior is seen as morally wrong, it creates an injunctive norm that discourages people from engaging in that behavior.

3. Prescriptive Norms: Prescriptive norms prescribe or dictate specific behaviors or actions that individuals are expected to follow in a given situation. They provide explicit guidelines for behavior and often have formal or informal rules associated with them. For example, prescriptive norms may include rules about politeness, etiquette, or professional conduct.

4. Proscriptive Norms: Proscriptive norms, on the other hand, prohibit or discourage certain behaviors. They define what is considered inappropriate, offensive, or morally wrong within a particular social context. Proscriptive norms help establish boundaries and regulate behavior by discouraging actions that are deemed unacceptable.

Functions of Social Norms

Social norms serve several important functions within a society or group:

1. Social Order: Social norms help maintain order and stability by providing a shared understanding of acceptable behavior. They establish expectations and guidelines that guide individuals' actions and interactions, reducing conflict and promoting cooperation.

2. Socialization: Social norms play a crucial role in the socialization process, through which individuals learn the values, beliefs, and behaviors of their society or group. They provide a framework for teaching and transmitting cultural knowledge from one generation to the next.

3. Identity and Belonging: Social norms contribute to the formation of individual and group identities. They shape individuals' sense of belonging and help define their social roles and relationships. Conforming to social norms can enhance social acceptance and integration.

4. Regulation of Behavior: Social norms act as informal mechanisms of social control. They influence individuals' behavior by setting expectations and establishing consequences for deviating from those expectations. Norm violations may result in social disapproval, ostracism, or other forms of punishment.

Conclusion

In summary, social norms are the unwritten rules and expectations that govern behavior within a society or group. They encompass a wide range of behaviors, values, beliefs, and customs that are considered acceptable and appropriate within a given context. Social norms serve important functions in maintaining social order, facilitating socialization, shaping identity, and regulating behavior. By understanding and adhering to social norms, individuals can navigate social interactions and contribute to the overall well-being of their communities.