Question

Что такое наследственность?какие биологические признаки наследует человек? ПОМОГИТЕ ПОЖАЛУЙСТО ЛЮДИ❤

Answer 1

Наследственность — способность организмов передавать свои признаки и особенности развития потомству. Благодаря этой способности все живые существа (растения, грибы, или бактерии) сохраняют в своих потомках характерные черты вида. Такая преемственность наследственных свойств обеспечивается передачей их генетической информации. Носителями наследственной информации у организмов являются гены.
Новорожденный несет в себе комплекс генов не только своих родителей, но и их отдаленных предков, то есть имеет свой, только ему присущий богатейший наследственный фонд или наследственно предопределенную биологическую программу, благодаря которой возникают и развиваются его индивидуальные качества. Эта программа закономерно и гармонично претворяется в жизнь, если, с одной стороны, в основе биологических процессов лежат достаточно качественные наследственные факторы, а с другой, внешняя среда обеспечивает растущий организм всем необходимым для реализации наследственного начала.

Приобретенные в течение жизни навыки и свойства не передаются по наследству, наукой не выявлено также особых генов одаренности, однако каждый родившийся ребенок обладает громадным арсеналом задатков, раннее развитие и формирование которых зависит от социальной структуры общества, от условий воспитания и обучения, забот и усилий родителей и желания самого маленького человека.

По наследству передаются не только внешние признаки и многие биохимические особенности организма ( обмен веществ, группы крови и др. ), но и некоторые болезни или предрасположенность к болезненным состояниям.

Answer 2

What is Inheritance?

Inheritance, in the context of biology, refers to the passing down of genetic information from parents to their offspring. It is the process by which traits or characteristics are transmitted from one generation to the next. These traits can include physical features, such as eye color and height, as well as predispositions to certain diseases or conditions.

Biological Traits Inherited by Humans

Humans inherit a wide range of biological traits from their parents. These traits can be categorized into two types: genetic traits and acquired traits.

Genetic Traits: Genetic traits are determined by the genes inherited from parents. Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building and maintaining the body. Some examples of genetic traits inherited by humans include:

- Eye color: Eye color is determined by the combination of genes inherited from both parents. The specific genes involved in eye color inheritance are still being studied, but it is known that multiple genes contribute to the variation in eye color observed in humans. - Hair color: Similar to eye color, hair color is also influenced by multiple genes. The combination of these genes determines whether a person will have blonde, brown, black, or red hair. - Height: Height is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. While nutrition and other external factors play a role, genetic factors inherited from parents contribute significantly to a person's height. - Blood type: Blood type is determined by the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. The ABO blood group system, which includes blood types A, B, AB, and O, is inherited from parents.

Acquired Traits: Acquired traits are those that are not determined by genetics but are acquired during an individual's lifetime. These traits are influenced by environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and experiences. Some examples of acquired traits include:

- Language skills: The ability to speak a particular language is acquired through exposure and learning from the environment. - Education level: The level of education attained by an individual is influenced by factors such as access to education, opportunities, and personal motivation. - Musical skills: Musical skills, such as playing an instrument or singing, are acquired through practice and training.

It is important to note that while genetic traits are inherited, acquired traits are not passed down to future generations. They are specific to the individual and their experiences.

Conclusion

Inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic information from parents to offspring. Humans inherit a variety of biological traits, including eye color, hair color, height, and blood type, from their parents. These traits are determined by the combination of genes inherited from both parents. Acquired traits, on the other hand, are not inherited and are acquired through environmental factors and personal experiences.