Question

О каких теориях происхождения государства нам известно

Answer 1

Теологическая- теория отстаивает идеи незыблемости вечности государства,необходимости подчинение гос. воле, как власти от Бога
Патриархальная- государство возникло из поколение в поколение семьи. Глава семьи становится главой государства- монарх
Договорная- по мнению представителей договорной теории, государство возникает как продукт сознательного творчества, как результат договора, в который вступают люди, находившиеся до этого в «естественном», первобытном состоянии. 
Теория насилие- Причину происхождения государственности они видели не в экономических отношениях, божественном провидении и общественном договоре, а в военно-политических факторах — насилии, порабощении одних племен другими. 
Расовая теория- объединяет возникновение и степень развития государства национнальностями его граждан
Органическая- по мнению представителей данной доктрины, государство — это организм, постоянные отношения между частями которого аналогичны постоянным отношениям между частями живого существа. То есть государство — продукт социальной эволюции, которая выступает в этой связи лишь разновидностью эволюции биологической.
Психологическая-  появление государственности с особыми свойствами человеческой психики: потребностью людей во власти над другими людьми, стремлением подчиняться, подражать

Answer 2

Theories of State Origin

There are several theories about the origin of the state. These theories attempt to explain how and why states emerged.

Social Contract Theory: One of the prominent theories is the social contract theory, which suggests that individuals came together to form a state by mutual consent for the purpose of self-preservation and the protection of their rights and property.

Evolutionary Theory: Another theory is the evolutionary theory, which posits that the state evolved from the family or clan system, gradually developing into larger political units over time.

Divine Right Theory: The divine right theory asserts that states were established and rulers were chosen by a higher power, such as a deity or deities, and that the authority of the state is derived from this divine sanction.

Force Theory: The force theory proposes that states emerged through the conquest and subjugation of weaker groups by more powerful ones, leading to the establishment of a ruling authority.

Marxist Theory: According to the Marxist theory, the state is a product of class struggle, serving the interests of the ruling class and maintaining the existing social order.

Psychological Theories: Psychological theories also explore the origins of the state, examining the cognitive and emotional factors that may have contributed to the formation of political entities.

Cyclical Theories: Cyclical theories suggest that states go through predictable cycles of growth, decline, and renewal, with different forms of government emerging and reemerging over time.

Anthropological Theories: Anthropological theories delve into the cultural and social aspects of early human societies, seeking to understand the development of political organization and governance structures.

Economic Theories: Economic theories of state origin focus on the role of economic factors in shaping the formation and evolution of states, including the distribution of resources and the development of trade and commerce.

Geographical Theories: Geographical theories consider the impact of physical geography and environmental conditions on the emergence and characteristics of states, exploring how natural factors influenced human settlement patterns and political boundaries.

These theories provide diverse perspectives on the complex and multifaceted process of state formation, offering valuable insights into the historical and sociopolitical dynamics that have shaped human societies.