Question

Виды нормативных актов?

Answer 1

Виды нормативных актов.

Нормативные акты находятся между собой в строгой иерархичной соподчиненности, от которой зависит юридическая сила того или иного нормативного акта. В отличие от правовых актов индивидуального значения (приказ директора об увольнении с работы, решение суда и т.п.), нормативные акты имеют следующие отличительные черты:

- издаются государственным или общественным органов в пределах своей компетенции;

- регулируют правовые отношение неопределенного круга лиц, т.е. носят общественный характер;

- рассчитаны на многократное применение.

В Украине существуют разные виды нормативных актов. Они отличаются друг от друга по названию, принимающего их органа, процедуре принятия, но самое главное – по юридической силе.

Юридическая сила нормативного акта – это его условное соотношение с другими нормативными актами в системе законодательства.

Классифицируя нормативные акты по их юридической силе, определяемой компетенцией и положением издавшего их органа в общей системе правотворческих органов государства, а также характером самих актов, их различают на:

- Конституцию;

- Законы;

- Подзаконные акты.

Answer 2

Types of Normative Acts

Normative acts are legal documents that establish norms, rules, and regulations within a particular legal system. They are essential for maintaining order and ensuring the proper functioning of society. There are several types of normative acts, each serving a specific purpose and carrying different legal weight. Here are some common types:

1. Federal Laws: These are laws adopted by the federal legislative body and are applicable throughout the entire country. They are considered the highest-ranking normative acts and have precedence over other types of laws and regulations.

2. Government Decrees: Government decrees are executive acts issued by the head of the government or its subordinate bodies. They are used to regulate specific issues within the executive branch and are binding within their designated scope of authority.

3. Presidential Decrees: These are acts issued by the head of state and have the force of law. They are often used to regulate matters of national importance and can have a significant impact on the legal landscape.

4. Regulatory Legal Acts: Regulatory legal acts are issued by authorized state bodies and are aimed at regulating specific legal relationships. They include various types of regulations, instructions, and orders.

5. International Treaties and Agreements: These are agreements between two or more sovereign states or international organizations. They are binding under international law and may require domestic legislation to be implemented.

6. Constitutional Laws: These are laws that define the fundamental principles of the legal system and the organization of state power. They have the highest legal force and cannot contradict the constitution.

7. Normative Resolutions: Normative resolutions are acts issued by certain authorized bodies to regulate specific legal relationships. They are often used to provide detailed guidelines for implementing laws and regulations.

8. Municipal Regulations: These are normative acts adopted by local self-government bodies within their respective territories. They regulate local issues and complement federal and regional legislation.

9. Bylaws: Bylaws are normative acts issued by state bodies, enterprises, institutions, and organizations to regulate their internal activities and relationships. They are subordinate to higher-ranking normative acts.

10. Ministerial Orders: Ministerial orders are acts issued by ministers or other heads of central executive bodies. They are used to regulate specific issues within the competence of the respective ministry or agency.

Each type of normative act plays a crucial role in shaping the legal framework of a country and ensuring the proper functioning of its legal system.