Question

Теории возникновения государства

Answer 1

1.патриархальная. государство как результат увеличивания числа семей, а глава государства является отцом своим подданным.
2.теологическая. государство как продукт божьей воли, а власть главы государства незыблима и вечна.
3.психологическая. появление государства связано с особенностями человеческой психики: потребность власти над другими, желание подчиняться и подражать.
4.договорная. государство как договор между главой государства и народом. так у государства и граждан есть свои права и обязанности.
5.органическая. государство как продукт социальной эволюции,которая является частью биологической эволюции.
6.историко-материалистическая. государство как результат расслоения общества. государство возникло преимущественно в целях сохранения и поддержки господства одного класса над другим, а также в целях обеспечения существования и функционирования общества как целостного организма.
7.теория насилия. государство как аппарат принуждения и управления завоеванными народами.

Answer 2

Theories of the Origin of the State

The origin of the state is a complex and debated topic in political science and sociology. There are several theories that attempt to explain how states came into existence. Let's explore some of these theories in more detail:

1. Social Contract Theory: This theory suggests that the state is a result of a voluntary agreement or contract among individuals. According to social contract theorists like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, people willingly give up some of their freedoms and rights to a governing authority in exchange for protection and the maintenance of social order.

2. Evolutionary Theory: The evolutionary theory posits that the state emerged gradually over time as human societies evolved from small, nomadic groups to larger, settled communities. This theory emphasizes the role of economic and technological developments, as well as the need for social organization and cooperation, in the formation of the state.

3. Divine Right Theory: The divine right theory asserts that the state's authority is derived from a higher power, such as a deity or a monarch believed to be chosen by God. This theory was prevalent in medieval Europe, where kings and queens claimed their right to rule based on their divine appointment.

4. Force Theory: The force theory suggests that the state originated through the use of force or coercion by a dominant group or individual. According to this theory, the state emerged when one group gained enough power to establish control over others and enforce its rule.

5. Marxist Theory: The Marxist theory of the state argues that the state is a product of class struggle and serves the interests of the ruling class. According to Karl Marx, the state arises as a means for the ruling class to maintain its power and control over the means of production.

It is important to note that these theories are not mutually exclusive, and different factors may have contributed to the formation of states in different historical contexts. Additionally, the specific circumstances and historical context of each society may have influenced the emergence of the state in unique ways.