Question

Из перечисленных слов выбирите архаизмы, историзмы, семантические архаизмы и семантические историзмы и объяснить их значение 1) Седмица ; 2) Неделя ; 3) Опричник ; 4) Стрелец ; 5) Десница ; 6) Товарищ 7) Холоп ; 8) Бригадир ; 9) Фиал ; 10) Огнищанин ; 11) Веки ; 12) Поезд

Answer 1

Архаизмы-это слова , которые вышли из обращения, но имеют синонимы, историзмы тоже слова, вышедшие из обращения, но не имеющие синонимов. Седмица -это архаизм, синоним-неделя. Неделя_ историзм, опричник-архаизм,стрелец-архаизм, десница-архаизм, товарищ-историзм, холоп-архаизм, бригадир-историзм, фиал (сосуд) -архаизм, Огнищанин-старший дружинник, т.е. архаизм. Веки и поезд -историзмы. Я не уверена, потом историзмы и архаизмы можно разобрать на семантические.

Answer 2

Archaic Words:

1) Седмица - This word is an archaism that means "week" in Russian. It is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word "седмьца" and is no longer commonly used in modern Russian. [[1]] 2) Опричник - This word is an archaism that refers to a member of the Oprichnina, a special police force established by Ivan the Terrible in 1565. The Oprichniki were known for their brutal methods and were used to suppress political opposition. The term "опричник" is no longer used in its original historical context but may be used metaphorically to refer to someone who is ruthless or authoritarian. [[2]] 3) Десница - This word is an archaism that means "right hand" in Russian. It is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word "десница" and is no longer commonly used in modern Russian. [[3]] 4) Холоп - This word is an archaism that means "serf" or "bondman" in Russian. It refers to a person who was legally bound to work on a noble's estate during the time of serfdom in Russia. The term "холоп" is no longer used in its original historical context but may be used metaphorically to refer to someone who is subservient or oppressed. [[4]] 5) Фиал - This word is an archaism that means "vial" or "flask" in Russian. It is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word "фиалъ" and is no longer commonly used in modern Russian. [[5]] 6) Огнищанин - This word is an archaism that refers to a member of the Ognishchane, a religious sect that existed in Russia in the 17th century. The Ognishchane believed in the imminent end of the world and engaged in ascetic practices. The term "огнищанин" is no longer used in its original historical context. [[6]]

Historical Words:

1) Неделя - This word is a historism that means "Sunday" in Russian. It is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word "неделя" and is still commonly used in modern Russian. [[7]] 2) Стрелец - This word is a historism that means "archer" or "musketeer" in Russian. It refers to a member of the Streltsy, a Russian military corps that existed from the 16th to the 18th century. The Streltsy were known for their proficiency in archery and firearms. The term "стрелец" is no longer used in its original historical context. [[8]] 3) Товарищ - This word is a historism that means "comrade" or "colleague" in Russian. It was commonly used during the Soviet era to address or refer to someone in a friendly or comradely manner. The term "товарищ" is still used in modern Russian, although its usage has decreased since the end of the Soviet Union. [[9]] 4) Бригадир - This word is a historism that means "brigadier" in Russian. It refers to a person who is in charge of a brigade, a group of workers or soldiers. The term "бригадир" is still used in modern Russian. [[10]] 5) Веки - This word is a historism that means "centuries" in Russian. It is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word "вѣкъ" and is no longer commonly used in modern Russian. [[11]] 6) Поезд - This word is a historism that means "train" in Russian. It is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word "поездъ" and is still commonly used in modern Russian. [[12]]

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