Question

Различия трёх Софийских соборов.)

Answer 1

КИЕВ
Софийский собор представляет собой пятинефный пятиапсидный крестово-купольный храм с 13 главами. С трёх сторон он окружён двухъярусными галереями. Сложен из плинфы — широких, тонких кирпичей. Длина собора без галерей 29,5 м, ширина — 29,3; с галереями: 41,7 и 54,6. Высота до вершины главного купола 28,6 м, величина подкупольного квадрата 7,6 м.
НОВГОРОД
Собор представляет собой пятинефный крестово-купольный храм. Храмы подобного типа строились на Руси только в XI веке, к ним, помимо новгородской Софии, относятся: Софийские соборы в Киеве и Полоцке, а также Киевская церковь Ирины и Георгия. У храма имеется три апсиды — центральная пятигранная, и боковые — округлые. С трёх сторон центральное строение окружают широкие двухэтажные галереи. Собор имеет пять глав, шестая венчает лестничную башню, расположенную в западной галерее южнее входа. Маковицы глав выполнены в форме древнерусских шлемов.
КОНСТАНТИНОПОЛЬ
В плане собор представляет собой продолговатый четырёхугольник (75,6 м длины и 68,4 м ширины), образующий три нефа: средний — широкий, боковые — более узкие. Это базилика с четырехугольным средокрестием, увенчанным куполом. Гигантская купольная система собора стала шедевром архитектурной мысли своего времени. Прочность стен храма достигается, по мнению турецких исследователей, за счёт добавления в строительный раствор экстракта листьев ясеня

Answer 2

Differences between the Three Sofia Cathedrals

The city of Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria, is known for its three significant cathedrals: the Saint Sophia Cathedral, the Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, and the Saint Nedelya Cathedral. Each cathedral has its own unique history, architectural style, and cultural significance. Let's explore the differences between these three cathedrals:

1. Saint Sophia Cathedral: - The Saint Sophia Cathedral is the oldest of the three cathedrals in Sofia. - It was built in the 6th century during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. - The cathedral is named after the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (now Istanbul) and was originally intended to serve as a replica of the famous Byzantine church. - The architectural style of the Saint Sophia Cathedral is predominantly Byzantine, with elements of Roman and early Christian architecture. - The cathedral has a central dome and is adorned with beautiful mosaics and frescoes. - It has undergone several renovations and restorations throughout history, including during the Ottoman period and in the 20th century. - Today, the Saint Sophia Cathedral is a museum and a popular tourist attraction in Sofia.

2. Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral: - The Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is the largest and most famous cathedral in Sofia. - It was built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a symbol of gratitude to the Russian Empire for its assistance in the liberation of Bulgaria from Ottoman rule. - The architectural style of the Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is predominantly Neo-Byzantine, with elements of Russian Revival architecture. - The cathedral has a central golden dome and multiple smaller domes, as well as intricate exterior and interior decorations. - It is dedicated to Alexander Nevsky, a Russian prince and military hero. - The Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is an active Orthodox Christian cathedral and a significant religious and cultural landmark in Sofia.

3. Saint Nedelya Cathedral: - The Saint Nedelya Cathedral is located in the heart of Sofia and is dedicated to the Holy Sunday. - The original church on the site dates back to the 10th century, but the current cathedral was built in the early 20th century. - The architectural style of the Saint Nedelya Cathedral is predominantly Neo-Byzantine, with elements of Bulgarian Revival architecture. - The cathedral has a central dome and is known for its beautiful interior frescoes and iconostasis. - It has played a significant role in the religious and cultural life of Sofia, hosting important ceremonies and events. - The Saint Nedelya Cathedral has also witnessed historical events, including a terrorist attack in 1925. - Today, it is an active Orthodox Christian cathedral and a symbol of faith for the people of Sofia.

In summary, the Saint Sophia Cathedral is the oldest and has a predominantly Byzantine architectural style. The Saint Alexander Nevsky Cathedral is the largest and has a Neo-Byzantine architectural style with Russian influences. The Saint Nedelya Cathedral is known for its Neo-Byzantine architecture with Bulgarian Revival elements and its historical significance in Sofia.