Question

СРОЧНО Розташуйте події хронологічно. А Парламентські реформи у Великій Британії Б «Великі реформи» у Росії В «Доба Мейдзі» в Японії Г Молодотурецька революція Д Сіньхайська революція Е Столипінські реформи Є Перша російська революція Укажіть твердження, яке характеризує реформи П. Столипіна в Російській імперії А скасування кріпосного права Б курс на формування селянської громади В скасування приватної власності на землю Г розвиток капіталістичних відносин у сільському господарстві

Answer 1

Объяснение:

1. Б

2. в

3. а

4. Є

5. Е

6. Г

7. Д

Answer 2

Chronological Order of Events:

A. Parliamentary reforms in Great Britain during the "Great Reforms" B. "Meiji Restoration" in Japan C. Young Turk Revolution D. Xinhai Revolution E. Stolypin's reforms in the Russian Empire F. First Russian Revolution

Parliamentary Reforms in Great Britain during the "Great Reforms":

The "Great Reforms" in Great Britain refer to a series of political and social reforms that took place in the 19th century. These reforms aimed to address various issues and improve the functioning of the British political system. Some key events and reforms during this period include:

1. The Reform Act of 1832: This act expanded the electoral franchise, increasing the number of eligible voters and redistributing parliamentary seats to better reflect population changes [[1]].

2. The Second Reform Act of 1867: This act further extended the right to vote by enfranchising urban working-class men. It also redistributed parliamentary seats to reflect population shifts [[2]].

3. The Third Reform Act of 1884: This act extended voting rights to rural agricultural laborers and further equalized parliamentary representation [[3]].

4. The Representation of the People Act 1918: This act granted voting rights to women over the age of 30 and extended voting rights to all men over the age of 21. It also introduced a more proportional representation system [[4]].

"Meiji Restoration" in Japan:

The "Meiji Restoration" refers to a period of major political and social changes in Japan that occurred from 1868 to 1912. It marked the end of the feudal Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of imperial rule under Emperor Meiji. Some key events and reforms during this period include:

1. Abolition of the samurai class: The Meiji government abolished the samurai class and introduced a conscripted army, aiming to modernize Japan's military forces [[5]].

2. Westernization and modernization: The Meiji government implemented various reforms to modernize Japan, including the establishment of a modern education system, the adoption of Western legal and administrative systems, and the promotion of industrialization [[6]].

3. Land reforms: The government implemented land reforms to break up large feudal estates and redistribute land to farmers, aiming to create a more equitable distribution of agricultural resources [[7]].

4. Industrialization and economic development: The Meiji government actively promoted industrialization and modernization, encouraging the growth of industries such as textiles, mining, and shipbuilding. This led to significant economic growth and the emergence of Japan as a major world power [[8]].

Young Turk Revolution:

The Young Turk Revolution, also known as the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) Revolution, took place in the Ottoman Empire in 1908. It was a movement led by a group of reformist officers and intellectuals known as the Young Turks. Some key events and reforms during this period include:

1. Overthrow of Sultan Abdul Hamid II: The Young Turks forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to reinstate the constitution and restore the parliament, ending his autocratic rule [[9]].

2. Constitutional reforms: The Young Turks introduced constitutional reforms aimed at establishing a more democratic and secular political system. These reforms included the establishment of a bicameral parliament, the protection of individual rights, and the separation of powers [[10]].

3. Modernization and secularization: The Young Turks implemented various reforms to modernize and secularize the Ottoman Empire, including the adoption of Western legal codes, the promotion of education, and the introduction of secular policies [[11]].

Xinhai Revolution:

The Xinhai Revolution, also known as the Chinese Revolution of 1911, was a revolution that overthrew the Qing Dynasty and led to the establishment of the Republic of China. Some key events and reforms during this period include:

1. Widespread protests and uprisings: The revolution was preceded by a series of protests and uprisings against the Qing Dynasty's rule, fueled by discontent with corruption, foreign influence, and economic hardships [[12]].

2. Formation of the Republic of China: On January 1, 1912, the Republic of China was officially established, marking the end of imperial rule in China [[13]].

3. Political reforms: The new republican government implemented political reforms, including the adoption of a provisional constitution, the establishment of a bicameral parliament, and the promotion of democratic principles [[14]].

4. Modernization and social reforms: The new government initiated various modernization and social reforms, including the abolition of feudalism, the promotion of education, and the modernization of the military [[15]].

Stolypin's Reforms in the Russian Empire:

Stolypin's reforms refer to the reforms implemented by Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin in the Russian Empire during the early 20th century. Some key aspects of these reforms include:

1. Agrarian reforms: Stolypin aimed to address the issue of land distribution and peasant poverty by introducing measures to encourage the consolidation of small peasant farms into larger, more productive units. This included the introduction of the "Stolypin land reform" which allowed peasants to voluntarily leave the commune and establish individual farms [[16]].

2. Economic development: Stolypin implemented various measures to promote economic development, including the encouragement of foreign investment, the expansion of industry, and the improvement of transportation and infrastructure [[17]].

3. Political reforms: Stolypin sought to strengthen the autocratic rule of the tsar by implementing political reforms. These reforms included the establishment of a new electoral system that increased the representation of the propertied classes and reduced the influence of the peasantry and workers [[18]].

4. Repression and counter-reforms: Stolypin's reforms were accompanied by a period of political repression, aimed at suppressing revolutionary movements and maintaining order. This included the use of military courts, the introduction of stricter censorship laws, and the implementation of a policy of "Stolypin's necktie" (summary executions) against political opponents [[19]].

First Russian Revolution:

The First Russian Revolution refers to a period of political and social unrest in the Russian Empire that occurred in 1905-1907. Some key events and reforms during this period include:

1. Bloody Sunday: On January 22, 1905, a peaceful protest march in St. Petersburg led by Father Georgy Gapon was brutally suppressed by the Imperial Guard, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of protesters. This event sparked widespread protests and strikes across the country [[20]].

2. October Manifesto: In response to the unrest, Tsar Nicholas II issued the October Manifesto in 1905, which promised civil liberties, the establishment of a legislative assembly (Duma), and the recognition of basic rights such as freedom of speech and assembly [[21]].

3. Formation of the Duma: The first State Duma was convened in 1906, marking the establishment of a representative body in Russia. However, its powers were limited, and subsequent Dumas faced challenges in implementing meaningful reforms [[22]].

4. Land reforms and workers' rights: The revolution led to some limited reforms, including the introduction of land reforms aimed at improving the conditions of peasants and the granting of workers' rights, such as the right to form trade unions [[23]].

Stolypin's Reforms in the Russian Empire:

The statement that characterizes Stolypin's reforms in the Russian Empire is A. the abolition of serfdom. Stolypin's reforms aimed to address the issue of land distribution and peasant poverty by introducing measures to encourage the consolidation of small peasant farms into larger, more productive units. This included the introduction of the "Stolypin land reform" which allowed peasants to voluntarily leave the commune and establish individual farms [[24]].