Question

Ребятки, помогите, пожалуйста!!!-Названия лингвистических трудов М.В.ЛомоносоваКраткое сообщение о классицизме:- Время и место его зарождения.- философия, которая лежит в его основе- Особенности этого направления.- Классицизм в России (Когда появился, в чём его своеобразие)- правила построения литературного произведения

Answer 1

1) «Российская грамматика» 1755, «Краткое руководство к риторике на пользу любителей сладкоречия» 1743, «Риторика» 1748 года, «Письмо о правилах российского стихотворства» 1739 года
2) Классицизм сформиловался во Франции в XVII веке.
3) В его основе лежит философия рационализма, нашедшая выражение в работах Декарта.
4) Классицизм опирается на вечное, нерушимое, устанавливает строгие каноны и иерархию жанров (высокие, низкие жанры). У каждого жанра - определенные признаки, смешение жанров не допускается. Личность человека - высшая ценность бытия, идеальный образец искусства - античное искусство.
5) В России классицизм развивается под влиянием Просвещения. В его основе - идеи равенства, справедливости. Для произведений характерен историзм, авторская оценка исторических событий. Наиболее известные представители: Д. И. Фонвизин, А. Д. Кантемир, А. П. Сумароков, И. И.Хемницер, Ломоносов, Г. Р. Державин. Наиболее распространенные жанры: комедия, сатира, басня, ода.
6) Строгие рамки и законы, выход за которые невозможен,  строгое соблюдение законов жанра, разделение на высшие жанры – оду, трагедию, эпос и низшие – комедию, сатиру.  Герои - типичны, проявляют чувства согласна канонам жанра.  Одинаковые конфликты и способы их разрешения. Важнейшие нормативы классицизма – единство действия, места и времени. Интрига - простая, время и место - одно и то же.

Answer 2

Linguistic Works of M.V. Lomonosov

Михаил Васильевич Ломоносов (M.V. Lomonosov) was an eminent Russian polymath who made significant contributions to various fields, including linguistics. He is known for his works on the Russian language and grammar. However, there is limited information available specifically on the linguistic works of M.V. Lomonosov. It is important to note that Lomonosov's contributions to linguistics were part of his broader scientific and literary endeavors.

Brief Overview of Classicism

Classicism was an artistic and intellectual movement that emerged in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was characterized by a return to the principles and aesthetics of ancient Greek and Roman art and literature. Classicism emphasized order, reason, harmony, and restraint in artistic expression. It sought to revive the ideals of ancient civilizations and rejected the extravagance and emotionalism of the preceding Baroque period.

Origins of Classicism

Classicism originated in Italy during the Renaissance period and spread throughout Europe. It was influenced by the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman texts, as well as the ideas of humanism. The movement gained prominence in France under the reign of Louis XIV, who sought to establish a centralized and orderly society. Classicism also found expression in architecture, music, and literature.

Philosophical Foundations of Classicism

The philosophy underlying classicism was rooted in the belief in the power of reason and the pursuit of universal truths. Classicists sought to emulate the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome, which were seen as the epitome of rationality, balance, and beauty. They believed that art and literature should adhere to strict rules and follow established conventions. Classicism emphasized the importance of moral values, virtue, and the imitation of nature.

Characteristics of Classicism

Classicism in art and literature was characterized by several key features:

1. Order and Symmetry: Classicist works were carefully structured and balanced, with a focus on proportion and symmetry. 2. Clarity and Simplicity: Classicist artists and writers aimed for clarity of expression and simplicity of form, avoiding excessive ornamentation and complexity. 3. Idealization: Classicism idealized nature, human beauty, and noble virtues, often depicting heroic or mythological subjects. 4. Emphasis on Reason: Classicist works emphasized rationality, logic, and intellectual pursuits, reflecting the Enlightenment ideals of the time. 5. Use of Classical Themes and Forms: Classicist artists and writers drew inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman mythology, history, and literature, incorporating classical themes and forms into their works.

Classicism in Russia

Classicism emerged in Russia during the 18th century, primarily under the influence of Peter the Great's Westernization policies. It was characterized by a fusion of European classicism with traditional Russian culture and values. Classicism in Russia emphasized the importance of education, reason, and the cultivation of the Russian language. It sought to elevate Russian literature and arts to the level of European standards.

M.V. Lomonosov played a significant role in promoting classicism in Russia. He advocated for the use of the Russian language in literature and science, and his linguistic works contributed to the development of a standardized Russian grammar and vocabulary. Lomonosov's efforts helped establish Russian as a literary language and laid the foundation for future linguistic studies in Russia.

Rules of Literary Composition in Classicism

In classicism, there were specific rules and principles governing the composition of literary works. These rules aimed to ensure order, clarity, and adherence to classical ideals. Some of the key rules of literary composition in classicism included:

1. Unity of Time, Place, and Action: Classicist plays and narratives were expected to have a single, unified plot that took place within a limited time frame and a specific location. 2. Three Unities: Classicist works followed the three unities of time, place, and action, which required that the events of the story occur in a single location, within a 24-hour period, and revolve around a central action or conflict. 3. Use of Verse: Classicist poetry often adhered to strict poetic forms, such as sonnets or heroic couplets, and followed established rules of meter and rhyme. 4. Avoidance of Excessive Emotion: Classicist works aimed to maintain a sense of emotional restraint and avoid excessive sentimentality or melodrama. 5. Moral Purpose: Classicist literature often had a didactic or moral purpose, seeking to instruct and inspire readers with virtuous examples and ethical lessons.

Please note that the information provided here is a summary based on search results and may not cover all aspects of the topics mentioned.