Question

Что такое натурализм

Answer 1

Натурализм- это натурально, тоесть как понастоящему

Answer 2

Направление в литературе и искусстве, стремящееся к внешне точному, механическому копированию действительности.

Answer 3

What is Naturalism?

Naturalism is a literary movement that emerged in the late 19th century and early 20th century. It is characterized by a focus on depicting reality as it is, without idealization or romanticism. Naturalist writers sought to present a scientific and objective view of human behavior and society, often exploring themes such as determinism, social conditions, and the influence of heredity and environment on individuals.

Naturalism is rooted in the philosophical concept of naturalism, which asserts that the natural world is the only reality and that everything can be explained through natural laws and processes. In literature, naturalism aims to portray human beings as products of their environment and biological factors, emphasizing the role of social, economic, and environmental forces in shaping individuals and their actions.

Key Characteristics of Naturalism

1. Objective and Scientific Approach: Naturalist writers aimed to present an objective and scientific view of reality. They sought to depict characters and events in a detached and impersonal manner, relying on observation and empirical evidence.

2. Determinism: Naturalism often explores the concept of determinism, which suggests that human behavior is determined by external forces such as heredity, environment, and social conditions. Naturalist writers believed that individuals have little control over their actions and are shaped by these external factors.

3. Pessimism and Social Criticism: Naturalism often portrays a pessimistic view of human existence, highlighting the harsh realities of life and the struggles faced by individuals in society. It often includes social criticism, addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, and the negative effects of industrialization.

4. Emphasis on the Lower Classes: Naturalist literature often focuses on characters from the lower classes of society, exploring their lives and experiences. This emphasis on the working class and marginalized individuals reflects the social concerns of the time.

5. Detailed Descriptions: Naturalist writers pay close attention to detail, providing vivid and often gritty descriptions of characters, settings, and events. These detailed descriptions aim to create a sense of realism and immerse the reader in the story.

Examples of Naturalist Literature

Some notable examples of naturalist literature include:

- "Germinal" by Émile Zola: This novel depicts the harsh lives of coal miners in 19th-century France, exploring themes of poverty, exploitation, and class struggle.

- "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck: Set during the Great Depression, this novel follows the Joad family as they migrate from Oklahoma to California in search of a better life. It portrays the struggles of the working class and the impact of economic forces on individuals.

- "Sister Carrie" by Theodore Dreiser: This novel tells the story of Carrie Meeber, a young woman who moves to Chicago in search of a better life. It explores themes of ambition, social mobility, and the influence of environment on individual choices.

Conclusion

Naturalism is a literary movement that emerged in the late 19th century, characterized by a scientific and objective approach to depicting reality. It explores themes such as determinism, social conditions, and the influence of heredity and environment on individuals. Naturalist literature often portrays a pessimistic view of human existence and includes social criticism. Some notable examples of naturalist literature include "Germinal" by Émile Zola, "The Grapes of Wrath" by John Steinbeck, and "Sister Carrie" by Theodore Dreiser.