Question

13. Тұрлаусыз мүшелердің болу-болмауына қарай жай сөйлемдердің бөлінуін көрсетіңдер.а) жақты, жақсыз; в) жалаң, жайылма;ә) атаулы;г) жай, құрмалас.б) болымды, болымсыз;​

Answer 1

Ответ: жақты, жақсыз.

Answer 2

Types of Propositions and Their Division into Categories

а) жақты, жақсыз; в) жалаң, жайылма; ә) атаулы; г) жай, құрмалас; б) болымды, болымсыз;

The division of propositions into categories based on the presence or absence of certain elements is a fundamental concept in logic and linguistics. In Kazakh, propositions can be categorized based on various criteria, including their truth value, structure, and function within a sentence.

а) жақты, жақсыз; в) жалаң, жайылма; ә) атаулы; г) жай, құрмалас; б) болымды, болымсыз;

- жақты (true) and жақсыз (false) propositions refer to the truth value of a statement. A proposition is considered жақты (true) if it corresponds to reality or a fact, while it is жақсыз (false) if it does not correspond to reality.

- жалаң (affirmative) and жайылма (negative) propositions are based on the presence or absence of negation. жалаң (affirmative) propositions assert the truth of a statement, while жайылма (negative) propositions deny the truth of a statement.

- атаулы (simple) propositions are basic propositions that do not contain any other propositions as components. They are indivisible and represent a single statement or fact.

- жай (compound) and құрмалас (complex) propositions involve the combination of multiple simple propositions. жай (compound) propositions consist of two or more simple propositions connected by logical operators, while құрмалас (complex) propositions involve multiple compound propositions or a combination of compound and simple propositions.

- болымды (atomic) and болымсыз (molecular) propositions refer to the structure of propositions. болымды (atomic) propositions are indivisible and cannot be further broken down into simpler propositions, while болымсыз (molecular) propositions are composed of multiple atomic propositions.

In summary, propositions in Kazakh can be classified based on their truth value, presence of negation, structure, and composition, leading to various categories such as true/false, affirmative/negative, simple/compound, and atomic/molecular propositions.