Question

Визначте спільну рису політики Богдана Хмельницького та Івана Мазепи. А. Боротьба з Великим князівством Литовським Б. Підписання мирних договорів із Річчю Посполитою В. Організація повстання проти іноземного панування Г. Реалізація протурецької зовнішньої політики

Answer 1

Common Features of the Policies of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Ivan Mazepa

Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Ivan Mazepa were both prominent figures in Ukrainian history who played significant roles in the struggle for Ukrainian independence. While they lived in different time periods and faced different political circumstances, there are some common features in their policies. Let's explore these common features:

1. Struggle against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL): Both Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Ivan Mazepa were involved in conflicts with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which later became part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Khmelnytsky led the Cossack uprising against Polish rule in the mid-17th century, known as the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Mazepa, on the other hand, supported the Swedish invasion of Ukraine in the early 18th century during the Great Northern War, which was aimed at weakening the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

2. Peace Treaties with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: Both Khmelnytsky and Mazepa engaged in negotiations and signed peace treaties with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth at different points in history. Khmelnytsky signed the Treaty of Zboriv in 1649, which granted certain rights and autonomy to the Cossack Hetmanate within the Commonwealth. Mazepa, on the other hand, signed the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654, which established a military alliance between the Cossack Hetmanate and the Commonwealth against Russia.

3. Resistance against Foreign Domination: Both Khmelnytsky and Mazepa were driven by a desire to resist foreign domination and secure independence for Ukraine. Khmelnytsky's uprising was a response to the oppressive policies of the Polish nobility and aimed to establish a Cossack state. Mazepa, similarly, sought to weaken the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and align with Sweden in order to gain greater autonomy for Ukraine.

4. Anti-Turkish Foreign Policy: Both Khmelnytsky and Mazepa pursued policies aimed at countering the influence of the Ottoman Empire in the region. Khmelnytsky sought alliances with the Crimean Khanate and the Ottoman Empire to strengthen his position against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Mazepa, during his alliance with Sweden, aimed to weaken the Ottoman Empire's influence in the region and gain support for Ukrainian independence.

It is important to note that while there are common features in the policies of Khmelnytsky and Mazepa, they also had significant differences in their approaches and alliances. The political landscape and circumstances in which they operated were distinct, leading to variations in their strategies and outcomes.

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