Question

Что подтолкнуло императора Александра II начать подготовку к освобождению крестьян?

Answer 1

Background Information

Emperor Alexander II of Russia reigned from 1855 to 1881. During his reign, he implemented a series of reforms, including the emancipation of the serfs in 1861. The decision to prepare for the liberation of the peasants was influenced by several factors.

Factors that Influenced Emperor Alexander II

1. Economic Factors: The economic conditions in Russia played a significant role in pushing Emperor Alexander II to initiate the preparation for the liberation of the peasants. The serfs, who were the majority of the rural population, were bound to the land and had limited economic opportunities. The outdated serfdom system hindered agricultural productivity and economic development.

2. Social Unrest: The social unrest caused by the serfdom system was another factor that influenced Emperor Alexander II's decision. The serfs faced harsh living conditions and lacked basic rights and freedoms. This led to growing dissatisfaction and occasional outbreaks of violence. The emperor recognized the need for social stability and sought to address the grievances of the peasants.

3. Intellectual Influence: Intellectuals and reform-minded individuals within Russia, known as the "intelligentsia," played a crucial role in advocating for the emancipation of the serfs. They argued that the liberation of the peasants would lead to social progress, economic development, and a more just society. Their ideas and influence on the emperor contributed to his decision.

4. International Pressure: Russia faced international pressure to address the issue of serfdom. The Western European powers, which had already abolished serfdom, viewed Russia's system as archaic and incompatible with modern ideals. The pressure from abroad, combined with the desire to modernize and align with Western standards, influenced Emperor Alexander II's decision.

5. Military Considerations: The military factor also played a role in the emperor's decision. The serfdom system hindered the recruitment and effectiveness of the Russian army. By emancipating the serfs, the emperor aimed to create a more efficient military force and strengthen the country's defense capabilities.

Conclusion

In conclusion, several factors influenced Emperor Alexander II's decision to begin preparing for the liberation of the peasants. These factors included economic considerations, social unrest, intellectual influence, international pressure, and military considerations. By addressing the grievances of the serfs and initiating reforms, the emperor aimed to improve the economic, social, and military conditions of Russia during his reign.