Question

Причины кризиса в международных отнощениях в 30 -е года 20 века

Answer 1

Causes of the Crisis in International Relations in the 1930s

The 1930s were a tumultuous time in international relations, marked by various factors that contributed to a crisis. Some of the key causes of the crisis in international relations in the 1930s include:

1. The Impact of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles: The aftermath of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles had a significant impact on international relations in the 1930s. The harsh terms imposed on Germany by the treaty, including massive reparations payments and territorial losses, created a sense of resentment and instability in the country. This, in turn, contributed to the rise of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Germany, who sought to overturn the terms of the treaty and regain lost territories.

2. The Worldwide Economic Depression: The Great Depression, which began with the Wall Street Crash of 1929, had a profound impact on international relations in the 1930s. The economic downturn led to widespread unemployment, poverty, and social unrest in many countries. It also resulted in a decline in international trade and a rise in protectionist policies, as countries sought to protect their domestic industries.

3. Rise of Militarism: The 1930s saw the rise of militarism in countries like Germany and Japan. In Germany, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party pursued an aggressive policy of rearmament and expansion, violating the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. In Japan, militaristic factions gained influence and pursued an expansionist agenda in Asia. These actions heightened tensions and contributed to the breakdown of international relations.

4. Failure of Appeasement Policies: Western powers, particularly Britain and France, pursued a policy of appeasement towards aggressive actions by Germany and Japan in the 1930s. They hoped that by giving in to some of their demands, they could avoid another devastating war. However, this policy ultimately failed to deter German and Japanese aggression and only emboldened them to push further. The failure of appeasement policies contributed to the breakdown of international relations and the eventual outbreak of World War II.

5. Changing Alliances and Instability: The 1930s were characterized by shifting alliances and political instability. The collapse of the League of Nations, which was established after World War I to promote international cooperation and prevent future conflicts, weakened the international order. Additionally, the Soviet Union's push for expansion and the rise of fascist leaders like Benito Mussolini in Italy further destabilized international relations.

It is important to note that these are just some of the key causes of the crisis in international relations in the 1930s. Other factors, such as the impact of colonialism, ideological conflicts, and nationalist movements, also played a role in shaping the international landscape during this period.