Question

ДАЮ 20 БАЛЛОВ!!!! Помогите пожалуйста. По МХК задали доклад о любом древнегреческом храме. Жду ответа )

Answer 1

Пери́птер (др.-греч. περίπτερος — окружённый колоннами, «кругокрылый»; от περί — вокруг и πτερόν — крыло, боковая колоннада) — основной тип древнегреческого храма, прямоугольное в плане сооружение, обрамлённое с четырёх сторон колоннадой.[1] Расстояние от неё до стен наоса равно одному интерколумнию.[2] Вокруг со всех сторон чаще всего применялся дорический ордер, колонны стояли в один ряд.


Внутри периптер обычно состоял из пронаоса и наоса (латинское целла), позади наоса обыкновенно устраивался опистодом. Как и в большинстве храмов, расположение входа традиционно было на восточной стороне. Периптер сложился к началу VII в. до н.э. и стал наиболее распространённым типом храма в период архаики.
Понятие ввёл Витрувий[3], им же дана типология древнегреческих храмов: мегарон, простиль, амфипростиль, периптер, диптер.

Самый знаменитый из сохранившихся периптеров — Парфенон афинского Акрополя (447—438 гг. до н.э.). К использованию внешниx форм периптера обращались aрхитекторы западноевропейского классицизма, неоклассицизма и ампира XVII—XIX вв..

Answer 2

Ancient Greek Temples

Ancient Greek temples were architectural structures dedicated to the worship of gods and goddesses in ancient Greece. These temples were an integral part of Greek religious and cultural life, serving as places of worship, offerings, and rituals. They were also important symbols of civic pride and identity for the Greek city-states.

Design and Architecture - Ancient Greek temples were typically rectangular in shape and built on a raised platform called a stylobate. - They were constructed using a combination of stone, marble, and other materials. - The temples had a colonnade of columns surrounding the exterior, with the number and arrangement of columns varying depending on the specific architectural style. - The most common architectural styles of ancient Greek temples were the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, each characterized by different column designs and decorative elements. - The interior of the temples housed a central chamber called the cella, which contained the cult statue of the deity to whom the temple was dedicated. - The temples often featured elaborate friezes, pediments, and metopes depicting mythological scenes and heroic figures.

Significance and Function - Ancient Greek temples were considered the dwelling places of the gods and were believed to be the sites of divine presence and communication. - They served as places of worship, where rituals, sacrifices, and prayers were performed by priests and worshippers. - The temples also functioned as treasuries, storing valuable offerings and dedications made by individuals and city-states. - Some temples were associated with specific festivals and religious ceremonies, attracting pilgrims and visitors from far and wide. - The construction and maintenance of temples were often funded by wealthy individuals, city-states, or religious organizations as acts of piety and civic pride.

Famous Ancient Greek Temples - The Parthenon: Located on the Acropolis in Athens, the Parthenon is one of the most famous ancient Greek temples. It was dedicated to the goddess Athena and is considered a masterpiece of Doric architecture. - The Temple of Apollo at Delphi: Situated in Delphi, this temple was dedicated to the god Apollo and was renowned as the center of the ancient world. It was associated with the Oracle of Delphi, where people sought advice and prophecies. - The Temple of Zeus at Olympia: Built in honor of the god Zeus, this temple was located in Olympia and housed one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the statue of Zeus. - The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus: This temple, dedicated to the goddess Artemis, was located in Ephesus and was known for its grandeur and size. It was also one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Conclusion Ancient Greek temples were not only architectural marvels but also played a significant role in the religious, cultural, and social life of ancient Greece. They were places of worship, symbols of civic pride, and centers of artistic expression. The surviving ruins of these temples continue to inspire awe and admiration for the achievements of ancient Greek civilization.

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