Question

территории, которые отделились от арабского халифата?Очень срочно надо!!!

Answer 1

Пиренеи, североафриканские провинции, Средняя Азия

Answer 2

Territories that Separated from the Arab Caliphate

The Arab Caliphate, also known as the Islamic Caliphate, was a political and religious state that emerged after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad in 632 CE. It expanded rapidly and encompassed a vast territory, but over time, various regions separated from the Arab Caliphate for different reasons. Here are some territories that separated from the Arab Caliphate:

1. The Umayyad Caliphate: The Umayyad Caliphate was the second caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It ruled from 661 to 750 CE and had its capital in Damascus, Syria. However, the Umayyad Caliphate faced significant opposition from various groups, including the Abbasids, who eventually overthrew them and established their own caliphate. This led to the separation of the Abbasid Caliphate from the Umayyad Caliphate.

2. The Abbasid Caliphate: The Abbasid Caliphate was established in 750 CE and lasted until 1258 CE. It was founded by the Abbasid dynasty, which overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate. The Abbasids moved the capital of the caliphate from Damascus to Baghdad, Iraq. However, over time, the Abbasid Caliphate faced internal conflicts, regional revolts, and external invasions, which led to the fragmentation and loss of control over various territories. These territories included parts of North Africa, Spain (Al-Andalus), and the eastern regions of the caliphate.

3. The Fatimid Caliphate: The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shia caliphate that existed from 909 to 1171 CE. It was founded in North Africa by the Fatimids, who claimed descent from Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and her husband Ali. The Fatimids established their capital in Cairo, Egypt, and expanded their influence across North Africa, the Levant, and parts of the Arabian Peninsula. However, the Fatimid Caliphate faced internal conflicts, external invasions, and the rise of rival dynasties, which led to the loss of territories and the eventual collapse of the caliphate.

4. The Almoravid Empire: The Almoravid Empire was a Berber Muslim empire that emerged in the 11th century and lasted until the 12th century. It was founded by the Almoravids, a religious and military movement that originated in the Sahara Desert region. The Almoravids expanded their empire across North Africa and parts of the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal). However, the Almoravid Empire faced internal conflicts, external invasions, and the rise of rival dynasties, which led to the fragmentation and loss of control over various territories.

5. The Almohad Caliphate: The Almohad Caliphate was a Berber Muslim caliphate that existed from the 12th to the 13th century. It was founded by the Almohads, a religious and political movement that originated in the Atlas Mountains region of North Africa. The Almohads expanded their caliphate across North Africa and parts of the Iberian Peninsula, replacing the Almoravid Empire. However, the Almohad Caliphate faced internal conflicts, external invasions, and the rise of rival dynasties, which led to the loss of territories and the eventual collapse of the caliphate.

Please note that this is not an exhaustive list, and there were other territories that separated from the Arab Caliphate throughout history. The reasons for separation varied and included political conflicts, religious differences, regional revolts, and external invasions.