Question

При археологических раскопках в Западной Европе и России было найдено большое количество статуэток женщин,вырезанных из бивня мамонта.Изображений мужчин найдено значительно меньше.О каких чертах в общественном строе и сознании людей родового стоя свидетельствуют эти факты?Какие достижения духовной культуры первобытного общества вы можете назвать?

Answer 1

это свидетельство существования матриархата в первобытную эпоху. Роль женщины в этот период была больше, чем мужчин. Связано это малой продолжительностью жизни мужчин ( охота часто приводила к смерти) и отсутствием табу на кровосмешение ( поэтому мать знали, а отца ...).

К достижениям культуры первобытной эпохи можно отнести пещерную живопись. Изображения людей, животных, сцен охоты в глубине многих пещер, например пещера Альтамир в северной Испании.

Answer 2

Significance of Female Figurines made from Mammoth Ivory in Archaeological Excavations

The discovery of a large number of female figurines carved from mammoth ivory during archaeological excavations in Western Europe and Russia provides valuable insights into the social structure and beliefs of ancient societies. These figurines offer evidence of the role and status of women in these communities and shed light on the spiritual and cultural achievements of early human societies.

1. Gender Roles and Social Structure: The abundance of female figurines compared to male figurines suggests that women held a significant position in the social structure of these ancient societies. The emphasis on representing women in these figurines may indicate the importance of women's roles in reproduction, fertility, and nurturing within the community. This suggests a possible matrilineal or matrilocal social structure, where descent and inheritance are traced through the female line and women have a central role in the community.

2. Symbolism and Beliefs: The creation of these female figurines from mammoth ivory indicates the presence of a rich spiritual and symbolic belief system. The choice of mammoth ivory as the material for these figurines may have held symbolic significance, as mammoths were powerful and majestic creatures that were associated with strength and fertility. The figurines may have been used in rituals or ceremonies related to fertility, childbirth, or other aspects of the life cycle. They could have served as representations of goddesses or ancestral spirits, embodying the divine feminine.

3. Artistic Expression and Craftsmanship: The creation of these intricate figurines showcases the artistic skills and craftsmanship of the people who made them. The carving of delicate details and the use of mammoth ivory as a medium demonstrate the technical expertise and aesthetic sensibilities of these early artisans. The figurines may have been highly valued objects, reflecting the importance of art and creativity in the cultural life of these societies.

4. Cultural Continuity and Tradition: The presence of these female figurines across different regions and time periods suggests a certain degree of cultural continuity and shared beliefs among these ancient societies. The consistent representation of women in these figurines indicates the persistence of certain cultural practices and beliefs related to gender roles and spirituality. This continuity may have contributed to the stability and cohesion of these communities over time.

It is important to note that the interpretation of these archaeological findings is subject to ongoing research and debate. Different scholars may offer alternative explanations and hypotheses based on their own analysis of the evidence. Nonetheless, the discovery of these female figurines made from mammoth ivory provides valuable insights into the social, spiritual, and artistic achievements of early human societies.

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