Question

10 баллов. расскажите о видах письменности в странах древнего востока. что общего можно отметить в письменности народов древнего востока ? какие научные знания были у них развиты? коротко , мне переписывать потом.древний восток.

Answer 1

У египтян письменность началась 5 тыс лет назад еироглифы, рисунки, значки

Answer 2

Types of Writing in Ancient East Asian Countries

Ancient East Asian countries, such as China, Japan, and Korea, had various types of writing systems. Here are some of the key types:

1. Oracle Bone Script: This was the earliest known form of Chinese writing, dating back to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600-1046 BCE). It involved inscribing characters on animal bones or turtle shells, which were then heated until cracks formed. These cracks were interpreted as divinatory messages.

2. Seal Script: This script emerged during the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BCE) and was characterized by its square-shaped, stylized characters. It was primarily used for inscriptions on seals and other official documents.

3. Clerical Script: Developed during the Han Dynasty (206 BCE-220 CE), this script was a more standardized and simplified version of the Seal Script. It was widely used for administrative purposes and in official documents.

4. Regular Script: Also known as "Kaishu," this script became the standard writing style in China during the Han Dynasty. It was characterized by its balanced and flowing strokes, making it easier to write quickly and legibly. Regular Script is still used in modern Chinese calligraphy.

5. Cursive Script: Known as "Caoshu" in Chinese, this script is a highly cursive and abbreviated form of writing. It was developed as a faster and more expressive style, often used for personal correspondence and informal writing.

6. Kanji: Kanji is a system of writing borrowed from Chinese characters and used in Japan. It was introduced to Japan around the 5th century CE and has been adapted to fit the Japanese language. Kanji characters are ideograms that represent meanings or concepts, and they are an integral part of the Japanese writing system.

7. Hangul: Hangul is the writing system used in Korea. It was created in the 15th century by King Sejong the Great and his scholars. Hangul is unique because it is an alphabet system, with each character representing a sound. It is considered one of the most scientific and efficient writing systems in the world.

Common Features of Ancient East Asian Writing

While the writing systems of ancient East Asian countries had their own unique characteristics, there are some common features that can be observed:

1. Ideographic Nature: Many of the writing systems in ancient East Asia, such as Chinese characters and Kanji, were ideographic. This means that the characters represent ideas or concepts rather than specific sounds. This allowed for communication across different languages and dialects within the region.

2. Calligraphic Tradition: Writing in ancient East Asia was not just a means of communication but also an art form. Calligraphy, the art of beautiful writing, was highly valued and practiced by scholars and artists. It involved the skilled use of brushes and ink to create aesthetically pleasing characters with varying strokes and styles