Question

Какие органы госаппарата появились в царствование Николая I? Какие функции они выполняли

Answer 1

При Николае I была усилена централизация бюрократического аппарата, составлены Полное собрание законов и Свод законов Российской империи, введены новые цензурные уставы. Так же при нём впервые создается сельская полиция. В 1837г. Уезды были разделены на более мелкие административные единицы – станы во главе с назначаемым губернатором становым приставом, опиравшимся в своей деятельности на вотчинную полицию и избранных крестьянскими сходами сотских и десятских.

Answer 2

Organs of Government during the Reign of Nicholas I

During the reign of Nicholas I, several organs of government were established in Russia. These organs played important roles in the governance and administration of the country. Let's explore these organs and the functions they performed.

1. State Council (Государственный Совет): The State Council was established in 1810 and continued to function during Nicholas I's reign. It served as an advisory body to the tsar, providing recommendations on legislative matters and policy decisions. The State Council consisted of high-ranking officials, nobles, and representatives of various social groups. It played a significant role in shaping legislation and policies.

2. Council of Ministers (Министерский Совет): The Council of Ministers was created in 1810 and continued to operate during Nicholas I's reign. It was responsible for the coordination and implementation of government policies. The council consisted of ministers who headed various government departments, such as finance, interior, foreign affairs, and war. The Council of Ministers played a crucial role in the day-to-day administration of the country.

3. Senate (Сенат): The Senate was the highest judicial and administrative body in the Russian Empire. It existed before Nicholas I's reign and continued to function during his rule. The Senate was responsible for overseeing the legal system, ensuring the enforcement of laws, and acting as the final court of appeal. It played a significant role in maintaining law and order in the empire.

4. State Chancellery (Государственная канцелярия): The State Chancellery was responsible for managing the administrative affairs of the Russian Empire. It played a crucial role in coordinating the work of various government departments, maintaining records, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the bureaucracy. The State Chancellery was headed by the Chief of the State Chancellery, who was appointed by the tsar.

5. Governing Senate (Правительствующий Сенат): The Governing Senate was a legislative and executive body that existed before Nicholas I's reign and continued to operate during his rule. It was responsible for drafting and implementing laws, overseeing the work of local administrations, and ensuring the enforcement of government policies. The Governing Senate played a vital role in the governance of the Russian Empire.

6. Ministry of Internal Affairs (Министерство внутренних дел): The Ministry of Internal Affairs was responsible for maintaining internal security, law enforcement, and public order. It played a crucial role in ensuring the stability of the empire and suppressing any dissent or opposition. The ministry was headed by the Minister of Internal Affairs, who was appointed by the tsar.

7. Ministry of Finance (Министерство финансов): The Ministry of Finance was responsible for managing the financial affairs of the Russian Empire. It played a crucial role in revenue collection, budgeting, and economic planning. The ministry was headed by the Minister of Finance, who was responsible for formulating financial policies and managing the treasury.

8. Ministry of War (Министерство военных дел): The Ministry of War was responsible for the defense and military affairs of the Russian Empire. It played a crucial role in maintaining the armed forces, formulating military strategies, and overseeing military operations. The ministry was headed by the Minister of War, who was responsible for the overall management of the military.

These organs of government during the reign of Nicholas I played vital roles in the governance, administration, and maintenance of law and order in the Russian Empire. They were responsible for formulating policies, implementing laws, and ensuring the smooth functioning of the state apparatus.