Question

Чего добились Мартин Лютер и Жан Кальвин?????

Answer 1

Церковных реформ. Лютеранство и кальвенизм.

Answer 2

Achievements of Martin Luther and John Calvin

Martin Luther and John Calvin were two prominent figures in the Protestant Reformation, which was a movement in the 16th century that aimed to reform the Roman Catholic Church. Both Luther and Calvin made significant contributions to the Reformation and had a lasting impact on Christianity.

Martin Luther: - Martin Luther was a German theologian, priest, and professor who is best known for his Ninety-Five Theses, which he famously nailed to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg in 1517. This act is considered the starting point of the Protestant Reformation. - Luther's main goal was to reform the Catholic Church and address what he saw as corruption and abuses within it. He challenged the authority of the Pope and emphasized the importance of individual faith and direct access to God. - Luther's teachings emphasized the doctrine of justification by faith alone, which means that salvation is obtained through faith in Jesus Christ rather than through good works or the sacraments of the Church. - Luther translated the Bible into German, making it accessible to the common people and contributing to the spread of literacy in the German-speaking regions. - Luther's ideas and writings had a profound impact on religious, social, and political developments in Europe, leading to the establishment of Protestant churches and the fragmentation of Christianity.

John Calvin: - John Calvin was a French theologian and pastor who played a key role in the development of Reformed theology, which became known as Calvinism. - Calvin's most influential work is his systematic theology book, "Institutes of the Christian Religion," which he first published in 1536 and expanded in subsequent editions. It provided a comprehensive exposition of Reformed theology and became a foundational text for Protestantism. - Calvin emphasized the sovereignty of God, predestination, and the idea of the "elect," who are chosen by God for salvation. - Calvin's teachings had a significant impact on the organization and governance of Protestant churches. He advocated for a system of church government led by elders and emphasized the importance of discipline and moral conduct within the church. - Calvin's ideas spread beyond his native France and had a lasting influence on the development of Protestantism in other countries, particularly in Switzerland, the Netherlands, Scotland, and parts of North America.

In summary, Martin Luther and John Calvin were instrumental in the Protestant Reformation, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and introducing new theological ideas. Luther emphasized justification by faith alone and the importance of individual access to God, while Calvin developed a comprehensive theological system and influenced the organization of Protestant churches. Their contributions had a lasting impact on Christianity and shaped the religious landscape of Europe and beyond.