Question

Чем различались по положению и образу жизни служители церкви,относившиеся к чёрному и белому духовенству

Answer 1

Черное духовенство - монахи, живущие в монастырях. Устав жизни более строгий, чем у белого духовенства. 
Зато монах может сделать "карьеру" и дослужиться даже до Патриарха. Архиереем может стать только представитель черного духовенства. 
Белое духовенство ближе к народу, живут практически также как и их прихожане , могут состоять в браке.
Карьерный рост ограничен должностью настоятеля приходской церкви. 

Answer 2

Differences between black and white clergy in Russia

The main differences between black and white clergy in medieval Russia were their social status and lifestyle.

Black clergy (monastics) included monks and nuns who lived in monasteries. They took vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience. Black clergy did not have personal possessions and dedicated their lives fully to prayer and religious services in the monasteries.

White clergy (parish priests) lived outside of monasteries with their families. They were allowed to marry before ordination and own property. White clergy served in local parish churches and were responsible for performing sacraments, like baptism, marriage, confession, and last rites for laypeople.

Compared to black clergy, white clergy had a lower social status in medieval Russian society. However, they still enjoyed certain privileges, like being exempt from taxes and corporal punishment. Some wealthy white clergy from noble families amassed large land estates and became important landlords.

The lifestyle of black clergy was much more austere and focused on prayer, compared to white clergy who lived ordinary family lives while carrying out their pastoral duties. This difference in lifestyle was a direct result of the monastic vows taken by black clergy.