Question

Помогите кратко об искустве древнего рима, что там было...

Answer 1

В I тысячелетии до н. э. вокруг города Рима возникло государство, которое стало расширять свои владения за счет соседних народов. Эта мировая держава просуществовала около тысячи лет и жила за счет эксплуатации рабского труда и завоеванных стран. Риму принадлежали все прилегающие к Средиземному морю земли как в Европе, так и в Азии и в Африке. Поэтому и искусство, особенно архитектура, было призвано показывать всему миру мощь государственной власти. Бесконечные войны, жажда завоеваний, в которых мужал и рос Рим, требовали напряжения всех сил, поэтому основой римского общества стали твердая дисциплина в войске, твердые законы в государстве и твердая власть в семье. Превыше всего римляне ставили умение властвовать над миром. Вергилий утверждал:

Ты же народами править властительно, римлянин, помни!
Се — твои будут искусства: условья накладывать мира,
Нисповерженных щадить и нисповергать горделивых!

( «Энеида» )

Римляне подчинили себе все Средиземноморье, включая Элладу, но Греция сама полонила Рим, т. к. оказала сильнейшее влияние на всю культуру Рима — в религии и философии, в литературе и искусстве.

Answer 2

Ancient Rome: A Brief Overview

Ancient Rome was a civilization that existed from approximately 753 BC to 476 AD. It started as a small village in central Italy and eventually grew into a vast empire that encompassed much of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The Roman Empire had a significant impact on the development of Western civilization, particularly in areas such as law, government, architecture, engineering, and language.

Government and Society in Ancient Rome

Ancient Rome had a complex political system. Initially, it was a monarchy, but it later transitioned into a republic and eventually became an empire. The Roman Republic was characterized by a system of checks and balances, with power divided among various institutions, including the Senate, the magistrates, and the popular assemblies. The Roman Empire, under the rule of emperors, centralized power and expanded the empire through military conquest.

Roman society was hierarchical, with a clear distinction between the patricians (the aristocracy) and the plebeians (the common people). Slavery was also widespread in ancient Rome, with slaves performing various tasks, including agricultural work, household chores, and even skilled labor.

Roman Culture and Achievements

Ancient Rome was known for its rich cultural heritage. The Romans were skilled engineers and architects, constructing impressive structures such as aqueducts, roads, bridges, and amphitheaters. The Colosseum, one of the most iconic Roman buildings, was a massive amphitheater used for gladiatorial contests and other public spectacles.

Roman literature and philosophy were heavily influenced by Greek culture. Prominent Roman authors such as Virgil, Cicero, and Seneca made significant contributions to literature and philosophy. The Romans also developed a sophisticated legal system, which had a lasting impact on Western legal traditions.

Roman Religion and Mythology

The Romans had a polytheistic religion, with a pantheon of gods and goddesses. They believed in various deities, including Jupiter (the king of the gods), Mars (the god of war), Venus (the goddess of love), and Minerva (the goddess of wisdom). The Romans also adopted and adapted many aspects of Greek mythology.

Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

The Roman Empire faced numerous challenges that contributed to its decline and eventual fall. These challenges included internal conflicts, economic instability, invasions by barbarian tribes, and the division of the empire into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire). The fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD marked the end of ancient Rome and the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe.

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