Question

Самые известые изобретения египтян

Answer 1

Папирус, плуг, чернила, часы, пирамиды, календарь(солнечный), перо, парики, тушь, хирургические инструменты.

Answer 2

The Most Famous Inventions of the Egyptians

The ancient Egyptians were known for their remarkable achievements in various fields, including architecture, engineering, and medicine. Here are some of their most famous inventions:

1. Pyramids: The Egyptians built massive pyramids as tombs for their pharaohs. These structures, such as the Great Pyramid of Giza, are considered engineering marvels and continue to captivate people's imaginations to this day.

2. Hieroglyphics: The Egyptians developed a complex writing system known as hieroglyphics. This system used pictorial symbols to represent words and sounds. Hieroglyphics were used for religious texts, historical records, and everyday communication.

3. Papyrus: The Egyptians invented papyrus, a type of paper made from the pith of the papyrus plant. Papyrus was widely used for writing and record-keeping, and it played a crucial role in the preservation of ancient Egyptian texts and knowledge.

4. Calendar: The Egyptians developed one of the earliest known calendars, which was based on the cycles of the Nile River. This calendar consisted of 12 months of 30 days each, with an additional five or six days added at the end of the year. It served as a practical tool for agricultural planning and religious observances.

5. Obelisks: The Egyptians erected tall, slender stone pillars called obelisks. These structures were often inscribed with hieroglyphics and served as symbols of power and religious significance. Some famous obelisks, such as the Luxor Obelisk in Paris, were later transported to other countries as spoils of war or gifts.

6. Shadoof: The shadoof was an ancient Egyptian irrigation device used to lift water from the Nile River or other water sources. It consisted of a long pole with a bucket on one end and a counterweight on the other. The shadoof played a crucial role in agriculture by facilitating the irrigation of farmland.

7. Makeup and Cosmetics: The Egyptians were known for their elaborate use of makeup and cosmetics. They developed various beauty products, such as kohl eyeliner and perfumes, which were used for both aesthetic and religious purposes.

8. Medicine: The ancient Egyptians made significant contributions to the field of medicine. They developed advanced surgical techniques, such as trepanation (drilling holes in the skull), and had an extensive knowledge of herbal remedies. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, dating back to around 1600 BCE, is one of the oldest known medical texts and provides insights into Egyptian medical practices.

9. Shipbuilding: The Egyptians were skilled shipbuilders and navigators. They constructed various types of boats and ships, including river barges, sailboats, and warships. The Nile River served as a vital transportation route, and the Egyptians used their ships for trade, exploration, and military purposes.

10. Cosmetics Containers: The Egyptians created intricate and beautifully designed containers to hold their cosmetics and perfumes. These containers were often made from precious materials such as gold, silver, and alabaster. They showcased the Egyptians' artistic skills and their appreciation for beauty and luxury.

These are just a few examples of the remarkable inventions and achievements of the ancient Egyptians. Their contributions continue to inspire and fascinate people around the world.