Question

Какая новая политическая концепция была выдвинута руководителем государства М.С. Горбачевым в области внешней политики СССР?приведите примеры её реализации. Как изменилась позиция СССР на международной арене?

Answer 1

Концепция невмешательства во внутренние дела других государств ,это привело к свержению соц-режимов в Польше ,Молдове а также предоставления самостоятельности советским республикам -что привело к их "независтимости" и дальнейшему выходу из СССР
Концепция демократизации и гласности ,в расчёте на дружбу и экономическую поддержку запада 
В результате позиции СССР на международной арене упали 

Answer 2

New Political Concept by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Field of Soviet Foreign Policy

Mikhail Gorbachev, the leader of the Soviet Union, introduced a new political concept in the field of Soviet foreign policy. This concept was known as "New Thinking" or "New Political Thinking". It aimed to bring about significant changes in the Soviet Union's approach to international relations and promote a more cooperative and peaceful world order.

According to the available search results, the concept of New Thinking was introduced by Gorbachev in the mid-1980s. It emphasized the importance of dialogue, cooperation, and mutual understanding between nations, as well as the need to address global challenges collectively. Gorbachev sought to move away from the confrontational and ideological approach of the past and promote a more pragmatic and cooperative approach to international relations.

Examples of Implementation

The implementation of the New Thinking concept by Gorbachev in the field of Soviet foreign policy can be seen in several key events and initiatives:

1. Arms Control and Disarmament: Gorbachev actively pursued arms control and disarmament agreements with the United States and other countries. One of the most significant examples of this was the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF Treaty) signed between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1987. The INF Treaty led to the elimination of an entire class of nuclear missiles and marked a significant step towards reducing tensions between the two superpowers.

2. Détente and Improved Relations: Gorbachev sought to improve relations with Western countries, particularly the United States. He engaged in a series of high-level meetings and summits with U.S. Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush. These meetings, such as the Reykjavik Summit in 1986 and the Washington Summit in 1987, aimed to build trust, reduce tensions, and promote cooperation between the two superpowers.

3. Withdrawal from Afghanistan: As part of the New Thinking approach, Gorbachev made the decision to withdraw Soviet troops from Afghanistan. The Soviet Union had been involved in a protracted and costly war in Afghanistan since 1979. Gorbachev's decision to withdraw the troops was seen as a significant shift in Soviet foreign policy and a step towards reducing military interventions and conflicts.

4. Eastern Europe and the End of the Cold War: Gorbachev's New Thinking approach played a crucial role in the peaceful transition of power in Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War. Gorbachev pursued a policy of non-intervention and allowed the Eastern European countries to pursue their own paths of political and economic reforms. This led to the fall of communist regimes in countries like Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and eventually the reunification of Germany.

Changes in the Soviet Union's Position on the International Stage

The implementation of the New Thinking concept brought about significant changes in the Soviet Union's position on the international stage:

1. Shift from Confrontation to Cooperation: The Soviet Union, under Gorbachev's leadership, shifted its approach from confrontation and ideological rivalry with the West to a more cooperative and pragmatic stance. This change in position helped ease tensions between the superpowers and contributed to the end of the Cold War.

2. Promotion of Peaceful Coexistence: The New Thinking concept emphasized the importance of peaceful coexistence and the resolution of conflicts through diplomatic means. The Soviet Union actively sought to resolve regional conflicts, such as the conflicts in Central America and Southern Africa, through negotiations and peaceful means.

3. Support for Democratization: Gorbachev's New Thinking approach also included support for political and economic reforms, both domestically and internationally. The Soviet Union encouraged democratization processes in Eastern Europe and supported the transition to multiparty systems and market economies in these countries.

In summary, Mikhail Gorbachev's New Thinking concept in the field of Soviet foreign policy aimed to promote dialogue, cooperation, and mutual understanding between nations. It led to significant changes in the Soviet Union's approach to international relations, including arms control agreements, improved relations with the West, withdrawal from Afghanistan, and the peaceful transition of power in Eastern Europe. The New Thinking concept contributed to the end of the Cold War and a more cooperative global order.