Причины революций 1830г. во франции и бельгии
Ответы на вопрос
Февральская революция (1848): Задачами революции было установление гражданских прав и свобод. К середине 1840-х годов во Франции наметились признаки социального и экономического кризиса. «Король-буржуа» , Луи-Филипп уже не устраивал не только простолюдинов, но и буржуазию. Среди рабочих недовольство затруднительным социальным положением, обострённым сельскохозяйственным и торговым кризисом 1847 года. Тут было недовольство нижних слоев населения.
Сентябрьская революция (1870): В конце 1860-х годов режим Наполеона III претерпевал кризис. Рабочий класс численно намного вырос, но его положение оставалось тяжёлым, закон 1848 г. , определивший максимальный рабочий день в 10—11 часов, затем поднявший норму до 12 часов, никогда не имел практического применения. Боясь потерять всякую опору в народе, Наполеон стал делать некоторые уступки либералам. Отчасти для того, чтобы отвлечь общественное внимание от внутренних неурядиц, отчасти в надежде военными лаврами покрыть поражения в мексиканском, люксембургском и др. вопросах, Наполеон повел агрессивную политику по отношению к Пруссии, окончившуюся войной. Война ярко обнаружила всю непрочность империи.
Causes of the 1830 Revolutions in France and Belgium
The revolutions of 1830 in France and Belgium were significant events that led to political and social changes in both countries. The major causes of these revolutions can be attributed to a combination of political, economic, and social factors.
1. Political Factors: One of the key political factors that contributed to the revolutions was the dissatisfaction with the existing political systems in France and Belgium. In France, the Bourbon monarchy was seen as oppressive and out of touch with the needs and aspirations of the people. In Belgium, there was a desire for independence from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, which had been established in 1815.
2. Economic Factors: Economic grievances also played a role in fueling the revolutions. Both France and Belgium experienced economic hardships during this period. In France, there was widespread poverty and unemployment, particularly among the urban working class. In Belgium, economic disparities between the northern and southern regions, as well as high taxes and trade restrictions, contributed to discontent.
3. Social Factors: Social inequality and a desire for greater political participation were important factors in the revolutions. The middle class, which included merchants, professionals, and intellectuals, played a significant role in mobilizing support for the revolutions. They sought greater political rights and representation, as well as economic opportunities.
4. Influence of Other Revolutions: The revolutions of 1830 in France and Belgium were also influenced by other revolutionary movements of the time. The French Revolution of 1789 and the subsequent Napoleonic era had a lasting impact on the political consciousness of the people. The ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity resonated with many individuals who sought similar changes in their own countries.
5. Nationalism and Independence Movements: Nationalism and the desire for independence were important factors in the revolutions. In Belgium, there was a strong sense of national identity and a desire to break away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Belgian Revolution resulted in the establishment of an independent Belgian state.
It is important to note that these are general factors that contributed to the revolutions of 1830 in France and Belgium. The specific circumstances and events leading up to the revolutions may vary. For a more detailed analysis, it is recommended to consult additional sources.
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