Question

Судьба никона Аввакума

Answer 1

Аввакум Петрович (1621-1682) -основатель русского старообрядчества, писатель. Выступил противником церковных реформ патриарха Никона, приобрел много сторонников, но подвергся преследованиям со стороны властей. Стал во главе церковного раскола. В 1667г. осужден на церковном соборе, лишен сана и сослан в Пустоозерский острог, где провел 15 лет и по царскому указу был сожжен в срубе вместе со своими единомышленниками. Автор более 50 сочинений, в том числе "Житие"- ценного исторического памятника, первого в русской литературы опыта автобиографии.

Answer 2

The Fate of Nikon and Avvakum

Nikon and Avvakum were prominent figures in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church during the 17th century. Their lives were intertwined with significant religious and political events of the time.

Nikon: Nikon, also known as Patriarch Nikon of Moscow, was a controversial figure who sought to reform the Russian Orthodox Church. His efforts led to a schism within the church and political turmoil.

Nikon's fate was marked by conflict and controversy. He faced opposition from various quarters, including the Russian Tsar and other church officials. His reforms and the subsequent schism had a lasting impact on the Russian Orthodox Church.

Avvakum: Avvakum, on the other hand, was a prominent opponent of Nikon's reforms. He was a leader of the Old Believers, a group that opposed the liturgical reforms introduced by Nikon.

Avvakum's fate was also marked by persecution and conflict. He was eventually executed for his refusal to accept the reforms and his opposition to the official church.

Historical Context:

The fate of Nikon and Avvakum was deeply intertwined with the religious and political landscape of 17th-century Russia. The period was marked by significant religious reforms and power struggles within the Russian Orthodox Church.

Nikon's reforms and the subsequent schism had far-reaching consequences, leading to a division within the church and political unrest. Avvakum's steadfast opposition to these reforms and his leadership of the Old Believers placed him at odds with the official church and the ruling authorities.

Conclusion:

The fate of Nikon and Avvakum reflects the complex and tumultuous nature of 17th-century Russian religious and political history. Their lives and actions continue to be significant in the study of Russian Orthodoxy and the broader historical context of the time.